Radiology Ch.28

radiolucent

The portion of the processed radiograph that is dark or black

Lacks density, permits passage of x-ray

radiopaque

The portion of the processed radiograph that appears white

Appears dense, absorbs/resists passage of x-ray

radiolucent

Caries are:

radiopaque

Enamel, dentin, and bone are:

enamel

the outermost radiopaque layer of the crown of a tooth

dentin

comprises most of the tooth structure, not as radiopaque as enamel

dentinoenamel junction

the junction between dentin and enamel

gingival tissue

the grayish invisible-looking area behind the last molar teeth

lamina dura, alveolar crest, and periodontal ligament space

Anatomic landmarks of the alveolar process include the

lamina dura

A dense radiopaque line that surrounds the root of a tooth

The wall of the tooth socket, made of dense cortical bone

alveolar crest

The most coronal portion of the alveolar bone found between teeth

Appears radiopaque, typically 1.5 to 2.0 mm. below the cementoenamel junction

periodontal ligament space

The space between the root of the tooth and the lamina dura

A thin radiolucent line around the root of a tooth

anterior regions

Normal alveolar crest appears pointed and sharp between the teeth

alveolar crest appears as a dense radiopaque line

posterior regions

Normal alveolar crest appears flat and smooth between the teeth

alveolar crest appears less dense and less radiopaque

cancellous bone

The soft, spongy bone located between two layers of dense cortical bone

Appears primarily radiolucent

cortical bone

The dense outer layer of bone

Appears radiopaque on a radiograph

process

marked prominence or projection

ridge

linear prominence or projection

spine

sharp, thornlike projection

tubercle

small bump or nodule

canal

tubelike passageway through bone that contains nerves and blood vessels

foramen

opening or hole that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels

fossa

broad, shallow, scooped-out, or depressed area

sinus

hollow space, cavity, or recess

septum

A bony wall or partition that divides two spaces or cavities

Radiopaque

suture

An immovable joint representing a line of union between adjoining bones of the skull

Thin radiolucent line

maxilla

composed of two paired bones that meet at the midline of the face

Forms the: floor of the orbit of the eye, sides and floor of the nasal cavities, hard palate

incisive foramen

A hole in the bone located at the midline of the anterior hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors

Radiolucent

superior foramina of the incisive canal

Two small round radiolucencies located superior to the apex of the maxillary central incisors

median palatal suture

The immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla

Radiolucent

lateral fossa

A smooth, depressed area of the maxilla located between the canine and lateral incisor

Radiolucent

nasal cavity

A pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla

Large radiolucent area

nasal septum

A vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae, formed by Vomer and part of Ethmoid bone

radiopaque

floor of nasal cavity

A bony wall formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of the palatine bones

Radiopaque

anterior nasal spine

A V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum

inferior nasal conchae

Wafer-thin, curved plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

radiopaque mass

maxillary sinus

Paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla

Located above the maxillary premolar and molar teeth

septa within maxillary sinus

Bony walls or partitions that appear to divide the maxillary sinus into compartments

Radiopaque lines

nutrient canals

Tiny, tubelike passageways through bone that contain blood vessels and nerves

Radiolucent band

inverted Y

The intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity, located above the maxillary canine

Radiopaque

maxillary tuberosity

A rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region

radiopaque

hamulus

A small hooklike projection of bone extending from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

zygomatic process

A bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma

J- or U-shaped radiopacity

zygoma

Articulates with the zygomatic process of the maxilla

Radiopaque

mandible

The largest and strongest bone of the face

Divided into three main parts

ramus, body, alveolar process

What are the three main parts of the mandible

ramus

Vertical portion of mandible found posterior to the third molar

body

Horizontal U-shaped portion of mandible stretching from ramus to ramus

genial tubercles

A ring-shaped radiopacity below the apex of the mandibular incisors lingual surface

lingual foramen

A small radiolucent dot inferior to the apex of the mandibular incisors lingual surface

mental ridge

A linear prominence of cortical bone of the mandible

Thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region

mental fossa

A scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the external surface of the anterior mandible

radiolucent area

mental foramen

An opening or hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars

Radiolucent

mylohyoid ridge

A linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible

Dense radiopaque band

mandibular canal

A tubelike passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible

A radiolucent band outlined by two thin radiopaque lines

internal oblique ridge

A linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the ramus

Radiopaque

external oblique ridge

A linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible

Radiopaque

Superior to the internal

submandibular fossa

A scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge

Radiolucent

coronoid process

A marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible

Radiopaque

coronoid process

submandibular fossa

external oblique ridge

internal oblique ridge

mandibular canal

mylohyoid ridge

mental foramen

mental fossa

mental ridge

nutrient canals

lingual foramen

genial tubercles

zygoma

zygomatic process

hamulus

maxillary tuberosity

inverted Y

nutrient canals

septa

maxillary sinus

inferior nasal conchae

anterior nasal spine

floor of nasal cavity

nasal septum

nasal cavity

The large radiolucent area

lateral fossa

median palatal suture

superior foramina of incisve canal

incisive foramen