DISORDERS

Disorder

Significantly lower skills than others of the same cultural background, language/dialect community

communication difference

Variation between linguistic communities

Greetings/farewells, nonverbal communication (proxemics), grammar, sound patterns 

Examples of communication differences

Communication disorder

Person has significant difficulty forming, transmitting, receiving, or comprehending messages compared w/ others

• Disorders of content - semantics

• Disorders of form - syntax, morphology, phonology

• Disorders of use - pragmatics

Language disorders affects 1 or more of the language domains. List the domains

articulation disorders, fluency disorders, voice disorders, motor speech disorders

Examples of speech disorders

Articulation disorders

Distortions, substitutions, omissions of speech sounds because of structural, articulatory, or perceptual problems

Fluency disorders

Repetitions, prolongations, and blocks during speech

Voice disorders

Difficulties with voice production. Ex spasmodic dysphonia (vocal folds don’t vibrate like they should)

Motor speech disorders

Distortions, substitutions, omissions of speech sounds bc of neurological problems (ex dysarthria)

Hearing disorders

Examples include sensorineural hearing loss, conductive hearing loss, auditory processing disorder

Conductive hearing loss

affects the outer/middle ear

Sensorineural hearing loss

Affects inner ear/auditory nerve that connects the inner ear to the brain

Auditory processing disorder

Affects the processing of speech sounds in the auditory center in the brain

dysphagia

difficulty w/ swallowing

Organic disorders

neurological/physiological cause for a disorder

Functional disorders

no known cause

Primary disorders

happen in the absence of another disability

Secondary disorders

happen as a consequence of another disorder

Congenital

appear before, during, shortly after birth

Acquired disorders

occur after a period of normal development

Progression

how a disorder changes over time

Progressive

deteriorate over time

Non-progressive

stays the same/maintain over time

Handicap

social/environmental obstacles imposed by society on people w/ disabilities

impairment

When talking about disorders, ________ describes when a body function/structure is affected

Limitation, restriction

When speaking about disorder, _________describes activities affected while _________describes participation affected