Periodic Table Vocabulary- SHMS

A set of vocabulary flashcards defining the components of an atom and key concepts related to the periodic table based on the provided lecture notes.

Electrons

The very small negatively charged particles of an atom move around the nucleus of the atom.

Protons

The positively charged particles of the atoms.

Neutrons

Neutral part of the atom, found in the nucleus, has a mass of $1\,amu$.

Nucleus

The small, densely packed and positively charged center of the atom. Made up of protons and neutrons.

Electron Cloud

Regions surrounding the nucleus where the electrons are LIKELY to be but the exact location of the electron cannot be predicted.

Isotope

An atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Mass Number

The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus.

Alkali metals

Group #1

They are very reactive metals.

Electrons in the outer level: 1

They are soft, shiny, stored in oil. 

Found combined with other elements

Alkaline earth metals

Group #2

They are very reactive metals, but less reactive than Alkali metals.

Electrons in the outer level: 2

Mostly silver colored.

Transition metals

Group #3-12

They are less reactive than alkaline earth metals.

Electrons in the outer level: 1 or 2

They are shiny, good conductors.

Ductile

A property of metals that allows them to be stretched into wires without breaking.

Group

A column in the periodic table containing elements with similar properties and the same number of electrons in their outermost shell.

Halogens

Group #17

Non-metals

Electrons in the outer level: 7

Very reactive, never found 

Uncombined in nature.

Poor conductors, react with alkali metals to form salts.

Malleable

A property of metals that allows them to be hammered or pressed into shapes without breaking.

Metalloid

Elements with properties of both metals and non-metals, typically semiconductors. Examples: Boron, silicon, geranium, arsenic, antimony.

Metal

Any element that is typically solid, shiny, malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity.

Nonmetal

Any element that is typically not shiny, brittle when solid, and a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Often have a dull appearance.

Period

Elements are arranged in horizontal rows called Periods by increasing atomic number. Rows 1-7. Elements in the same period have increasing atomic numbers and varying properties.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. They determine an element's reactivity and properties. Valence electrons play a crucial role in the formation of chemical bond and influencing an element's ability to gain, lose, or share electrons.