Rad Pro CH 6 Book Anatomy

what two bones form the shoulder girdle?

clavicle

scapula

functions of the clavicle and scapula

connect upper limb to trunk

although the alignment of the clavicle and scapula is considered a girdle it is . . .

incomplete in the back

the girdle is completed in front by the

sternum

what does the sternum articulate with ?

medial end of the clavicle

the scapula are ____ ____ in the back

widely separated

the prox part of the humerus is part of the ____ ____ and NOT the

upper limb

shoulder girdle proper

why is the prox humerus part of the shoulder girdle?

because it is included in the shoulder joint

clavicle classification

long bone

what plane does the clavicle lie in?

horizontal oblique

where does the clavicle lie?

above the first rib

what does the clavicle form?

anterior part of the shoulder girdle

lateral aspect of the clavicle is called

acromial extremity

the acromial extremity articulates with what

acromion of the scapula

the medial aspect of the clavicle is called

sternal extremity

what does the sternal extremity of the clavicle articulate with?

manubrium of the sternum AND first costal cartilage

the clavicle serves as ______ for the movements of the arm

fulcrum

is the clavicle double curved

yes

why is the clavicle double curved ?

for strength

what is the clavicle curvature like in males vs females

curvature is more acute in males

scapula classification

flat bone

what does the scapula form ?

posterior part of shoulder girdle

what shape is the scapula ?

triangle

how many surfaces borders angles of the scapula?

2 surfaces

3 borders

3 angles

where does the medial border of the scapula lie?

superoposterior thorax between 2nd and 7th ribs

how does the scapula medial border run with the vertebral column?

parallel

the body of the scapula bone is

arched from top to bottom for greater strength

what do the surfaces of the scapula serve as attachment for?

many muscles

the flat aspect of the bone lies at a

45-60 degree angle in relation to anatomic position

what is the anterior surface of the scapula called?

costal surface

costal surface of scapula shape

slightly concave

the costal surface of the scapula contains

subscapular fossa

the costal surface of the scapula is filled almost entirely by the attachment of

subscapularis muscle

the anterior serratus muscle attaches to the ________ from the __________

medial border of the costal surface

superior angle to inferior angle

the posterior surface of the scapula is called the

dorsal surface

what divides the dorsal surface?

spinous process

how many portions is the dorsal surface divided into?

2

the crest of the spine arises at the

superior 3rd of the medial border from a smooth triangular area

the crest of the spine runs

obliquely superior

what does the crest of the spine become?

acromion

describe the acromion shape

flattened ovoid projection

supraspinous fossa

area above the spine

supraspinous fossa gives origin to

supraspinatus muscle

infraspinatus muscle arises from

portion below the spine

infraspinous fossa

portion below the spine

teres minor muscle arises from the

superior two thirds of the lateral border of the dorsal surface

teres major muscle arises from the

distal third and inferior angle

the dorsal surface of the medial border affords attachment of the

levator muscles of the scapulae - greater rhomboid muscle

the superior border of the scapula extends from the

superior angle to the coracoid process

scapular notch

deep depression on lateral end of scapula superior border

the medial border of the scapula extends from

superior to inferior angles

the lateral border of the scapula extends from the

glenoid cavity to inferior angle

the superior angle of the scapula is formed by

junction of the superior and medial borders

the inferior angle of the scapula is formed by

junction of medial and lateral borders of the scaupla

another name for medial border of scapula

vertebral border

what rib does the inferior angle of the scapula lie over

7th

the lateral angle is the _____ part of the body of the scapula

thickest

the lateral angle of the scapula ends in

glenoid cavity

describe the glenoid cavity appearance

shallow oval depression

neck of the scapula

constricted region around glenoid cavity

the coracoid process arises from a ___ base that extends from

thick

scapular notch to superior portion of neck of scapula

the coracoid process first projects _____ then ______

anteriorly and medially

curves on itself to peject laterally

where can you palpate the coracoid process

distal and medial to the AC joint

what are the common positioning landmarks for shoulder radiography

acromoin

coracoid process

superior angle of scapula

inferior angle of scapula

the proximal end of the humerus consists of

head

anatomic neck

greater and lesser tubercles

surgical neck

head of the humerus is (describe appearance)

large smooth rounded

the head of the humerus lies in a ____ plane on the

oblique

superomedial side of humerus

anatomic neck of humerus lies ______ , in what plane _____ , describe it

below the head

oblique

narrow and constricted

surgical neck of the humerus

constriction of the body below the tubercles

where is the site of many humeral fractures ?

surgical neck

the lesser tubercle is situated on the

anterior surface of bone immediately below anatomic neck

the tendon of the subscapular muscle inserts at the

lesser tubercle

the greater tubercle is located on the

lateral surface of the bone below anatomic neck

how is the greater tubercle separated from the lesser tubercle

intertuberclular groove

the intertuberclular groove is also known as the

bicipital groove

the superior surface of the greater tubercle slopes _______ at an angle of ____ and has 3 ____ ______ for _____ _____

posterior

25

flattened impressions

muscle insertions

highest of the 3 impressions of the greater tuberlce

anterior impression

the anterior impression affords attachment to

tendon of supraspinatus muscle

the tendon of the upper fibers of the teres minor muscle inserts at the

posterior impression

what are bursae?

small synovial fluid filled sacs

purpose of bursae

relieve pressure and reduce friction in tissue

where are bursae found?

between bones and skin

between bones and ligaments muscles or tendons

allow skin to move easily when joint is moved

subarcomial bursae

largest bursae of the shoulder

where is the subacromial bursae located?

under acromion and between deltoid muscle and shoulder joint capsule

the subacromial bursae does not

normally communicate with the joint

where are other bursae (not subacromial bursae) located in the shoulder?

superior to acromion

between coracoid process and joint capsule

between capulse and tendon of subscapular muscle

when do bursae become more radiographically important?

injury or age causes deposits of calcium

list the 3 joints of the shoulder girdle

scapulohumeral

acromioclavicular

sternoclavicular

scapulohumeral joint tissue, type and movement

synovial

ball and socket

freely movable

acromioclavicular joint tissue, type and movement

synovial

gliding

freely movable

sternoclavicular joint tissue, type and movement

synovial

double gliding

freely movable

scapulohumeral articulation is between what

glenoid cavity and head of humerus

scapulohumeral joint is also known as

glenohumeral joint

radiographers are more concerned with the insertion points of what muscles ?

short rotator cuff

what completely encloses the shoulder joint?

articular capsule

any rotation of the hand also

rotates the joints

AC joint stands for

acromioclavicular

AC articulation is between

acriomion of scapula and acromial extremity of clavicle

synovial gliding joints permit what movement

gliding

rotary

because the end of the clavicle rides higher than the adjacent surface of the acromion the slope of the surface tends to favor

displacement of acromion DOWNWARD and UNDER the clavicle