midline structures of neck

function of thyroid gland

produces hormones that regulate metabolic rate

2 hormones produced by thyroid gland

thyroxine, thyrocalcitonin

thyroid has a fibroud capsule covered by which sheath

sheath of pre-tracheal fascia

oblique line of thyroid cartilage, hyoid bone, thyroid notch

laryngeal prominens, cricothyroid ligament, arch of cricoid

pyramidal, lateral lobes, isthmus of thyroid gland

thyroid lies between or on sides of..

larynx and trachea

thyroid extends from…

oblique line to 5th-6th tracheal ring

isthmus overlies which tracheal rings

2nd-3rd

thyroid is covered superficially by which muscles

sternothyroid and sternohyoid

name the muscles; top → bottom, left → right

omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

what lobe is present only in <50% of glands

pyramidal

pyramidal gland attaches to … by …

hyoid bone, fibrous band

fibrous band may contain

levator glandulae thyroideae

what does pyramidal lobe with its attachment to hyoid bone represent

remnant of embryonic thyroglossal duct

sup thyroid vein, middle thyroid vein, sup thyroid artery, inf thyroid artery, inf thyroid veins

thyroid ima artery

sup thyroid artery is a branch of …

external carotid artery

sup thyroid artery descends in relation to which nerve

external laryngeal

inf thyroid artery is a branch of…

thyrocervical trunk

inf thyroid artery crosses which nerve to reach lower pole of gland

recurrent laryngeal

thyroid ima artery is an incostant branch of …

brachiocephalic trunk or arch of aorta

which artery is vulnerable during thyroid surgery or tracheostomy

thyroid ima

why cutting thyroid ima artery is dangerous

it may retract into thorax

sup and middle thyroid veins drain into …

internal jugular vein

inf thyroid vein drains into…

left brachiocephalic

goiter is

enlargement of thyroid gland

which 4 structures are compressed because of a goiter

trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerves, esophagus, veins

sup enlargement of thyroid gland is limited by the attachement of which muscle

sternothyroid

inf growth of thyroid gland behind the sternum is called

retrosternal goiter

where does thyroid gland begin developing

foramen cecum

what is a foramen cecum

small depression on the base of the tongue

then thyroid descends to the neck. when descending, the thyroid is temporarily connected to the tongue by a tube called…

thyroglossal duct

1st pharyngeal pouch forms

auditory tube, middle ear cavity

2nd pouch forms

palatine tonsil

3rd pounch forms (write separately for dorsal and ventral wings)

inf parathyroid
thymus

4th pouch forms

sup parathyroid

branchial cyst occurs due to the remnants of ….

cervical sinus and its duct

cervical sinus is

temporary space created when 2nd pharyngeal arch grows downward

cyst may be connected to the surface by a small drainage canal called

branchial fistula

how many parathyroid gland can be on the thyroid gland

2-6

where does parathyroid glan usually lie

post thyroid gland

function of parathyroid gland

maintains the calcium and phosphate balance

removal of parathyroid gland will reduce plasma calcium due to the deficiency of which hormone

parathyroid

trachea begins and terminates where

inf border of cricoid cartilage
bifurcates at sternal angle

trachea is a continuation of

larynx

trachea consists of …

horseshoe-shaped hyaline cartilage rings

smooth muscle behind the rings

trachealis

a transverse incision through the skin of the neck and ant wall of the trachea to establish an airway in patients with respiratory failure is called

tracheostomy