Axial Articulations

Annulus Fibrosis

Tough outer ring surrounding ivd

Nucleus Pulposis

Soft gelatinous central portion of disc

Herniation

Nucleus pulposis pushes through annulus fibrosis posteriolaterally pinching a spinal nerve root

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Thick anterior ligament running along vertebral body preventing hyperextension

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Thinner posterior ligament running along vertebral body preventing hyperflexion

Atlanto-occipital joint

Nodding yes, flexion and extension from c0-c1
occipital condyles and superior articulating facets of c1

Median atlanto-axial joint

shaking head no, c1-c2
dens of c2 and anterior arch of c1

manubriosternal joint

connects manubrium to sternum
manubrium and body of sternum

costochondral joint

rib meets costal cartilage
Sternal end of rib and costal cartilage

sternocostal joint

sternum meets costal cartilage
Costal cartilage and sternum

costovertebral

rib head meets thoracic vertebral body
rib head and inferior and superior costal facets

costotransverse

rib head meets transverse process
tubercule of rib and transverse costal facet

Lateral atlanto-axial

inferior articulating facets of c1, superior articulating facets of c2

Temporomandibular (TMJ)

Mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Zygopophyseal

Inferior articulating facet and superior articulating facet of superior and inferior respectively