APUSH Period 4 and Women's Rights Movement Vocabulary

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering key terms, historical figures, and events from APUSH Period 4 and the antebellum women's rights movement.

Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

A historic document signed on July 20, 1848, by 68 women and 32 men at the end of a two-day convention in Seneca Falls, upstate New York; modeled on the Declaration of Independence, it listed grievances against the society in which women lived and stated that all men and women are created equal.

Sarah Grimké

A reformer who published Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Woman, arguing that men and women were created with the same rights and duties, famously asserting that whatever is morally right for a man to do is morally right for a woman to do.

2nd Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism, that stressed a philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for Protestants, attracting women, African Americans, and Native Americans.

Abolitionist

One who opposes the practice of slavery.

Adams-Onis Treaty

An agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States.

Alexander Hamilton

The first Secretary of the Treasury (1789–1795) who advocated for the creation of a national bank, the assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

American Colonization Society

An organization founded in 1817 that argued slavery had to end and sought to send Black slaves back to Africa, purchasing land in Liberia on the west coast of Africa; the effort was largely a failure, resulting in only six thousand slaves being transported.

American System

An economic regime pioneered by Henry Clay that created a high tariff to support internal improvements, such as road-building, intended to allow the United States to grow, prosper independently, industrialize, and become an economic power.

Andrew Jackson

U.S. president who opposed the Bank of the United States, did not allow individual states to nullify federal laws, was responsible for the Indian Removal Act and the 'Trail of Tears', and created the Spoils System.

Antebellum Reform

A period between 1820 and 1860 marked by an increase in colleges, the expansion of public schooling led by Horace Mann, Dorothea Dix's establishment of asylums for the humane treatment of the insane, and prison reform.

Bank of the United States

A powerful private institution proposed by Alexander Hamilton in which the government was the major stockholder to collect and amass taxes and provide a stable national currency; vehemently opposed as unconstitutional by Thomas Jefferson, it sparked debates over implied powers and led to the formation of political parties.

Barbary Pirates

Renegade countries situated on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa that demanded tribute in exchange for refraining from attacking ships in the Mediterranean.

Corrupt Bargain

A term referring to the presidential election of 1824 in which Speaker of the House Henry Clay convinced the House of Representatives to elect John Quincy Adams rather than Andrew Jackson.

Cotton gin

A machine invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 to remove seeds from cotton fibers quickly and cheaply, resulting in increased cotton production and a greater need for slaves across more acres of cotton fields.

Cult of Domesticity

A set of social customs that restricted women to caring for the home, defining the ideal woman as a tender, self-sacrificing caregiver who provided a nest for her children and a peaceful refuge for her husband.

Democratic Ideals

Principles characterized by individual dignity, equality before the law, widespread participation in public decisions, and majority rule where one person possesses one vote.

Democratic-Republicans

A political party led by Thomas Jefferson that believed people should hold political power, favored strong state governments, emphasized agriculture, strictly interpreted the Constitution, maintained a pro-French stance, and opposed the National Bank.

Embargo Act 1807

An act issued by Thomas Jefferson forbidding American trading ships from leaving the U.S. to pressure Britain and France into altering neutral shipping policies; strongly opposed by merchants, it harmed the national economy and was ultimately replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act.

Era of Good Feeling

A term designating President Monroe's two terms, characterized by strong nationalism, economic growth, territorial expansion, and a lack of partisan conflicts due to the dissolution of the Federalist Party following the War of 1812.

Erie Canal

A canal completed in 1825 connecting the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, enabling western farmers to ship surplus crops eastward to sell in the North and allowing northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to the West.