Human Anatomy Laboratory Manual Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering anatomical terms, structures, nerves, muscles, and organs based on the Human Anatomy Laboratory Manual.

Axial Skeleton

The central structural framework of the skeleton consisting of the skull, vertebrae, sternum, and ribs.

Cranial Bones

The eight bones protecting the brain, comprising the frontal bone (1), parietal bones (2), temporal bones (2), occipital bone (1), sphenoid bone (1), and ethmoid bone (1).

Facial Bones

The fourteen bones forming the facial structure, comprising the lacrimal bones (2), nasal bones (2), palatine bones (2), inferior nasal conchae (2), zygomatic bones (2), maxillary bones (2), mandible bone (1), and vomer bone (1).

Foramina of Cribriform Plate

Structures located in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone that transmit the olfactory nerve.

Optic Canal

An opening in the sphenoid bone that transmits the optic nerve.

Superior Orbital Fissure

A fissure in the sphenoid bone that transmits the oculomotor nerve (CN3), trochlear nerve (CN4), abducent nerve (CN6), and ophthalmic nerve (CN5-1).

Foramen Rotundum

A foramen in the sphenoid bone that transmits the maxillary nerve (CN5-2).

Foramen Ovale

An oval-shaped foramen in the sphenoid bone that transmits the mandibular nerve (CN5-3).

Internal Acoustic Meatus

A canal in the temporal bone that transmits the facial nerve (CN7) and vestibulocochlear nerve (CN8).

Jugular Foramen

An opening located in the skull base that transmits the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9), vagus nerve (CN10), and accessory nerve (CN11).

Hypoglossal Canal

A bony canal in the occipital bone that transmits the hypoglossal nerve (CN12).

Atlas

The C1 cervical vertebra, unique for having no vertebral body and no spinous process.

Axis

The C2 cervical vertebra, characterized by a prominent vertical projection known as the dens.

Pelvis

The skeletal basin formed by two hip bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx, featuring the pubic arch.

Tarsal Bones

The seven bones of the ankle and proximal foot, consisting of the calcaneus, talus, cuboid bone, navicular bone, medial cuneiform bone, intermediate cuneiform bone, and lateral cuneiform bone.

Carpal Bones

The eight bones of the wrist, consisting of the scaphoid bone, lunate bone, triquetrum bone, pisiform bone, trapezium bone, trapezoid bone, capitate bone, and hamate bone.

Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

An anterior thigh muscle group composed of four parts: rectus femoris muscle, vastus lateralis muscle, vastus medialis muscle, and vastus intermedius muscle.

Iliopsoas Muscle

A composite flexor muscle of the anterior thigh/hip composed of the psoas muscle and iliacus muscle.

Triceps Brachii Muscle

The muscle in the posterior compartment of the arm consisting of three heads: long head, lateral head, and medial head.

Biceps Femoris Muscle

A hamstring muscle in the posterior compartment of the thigh consisting of a long head and a short head.

Superficial Posterior Leg Muscles

The superficial muscle group of the posterior compartment of the leg consisting of the gastrocnemius muscle, soleus muscle, and plantaris muscle.

Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure

The deep cleft dividing the cerebral hemispheres that contains the falx cerebri.

Transverse Cerebral Fissure

The fissure separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum that contains the tentorium cerebelli.

Basal Ganglia

Subcortical gray matter structures including the caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus (putamen and globus pallidus), and amygdaloid body.

Cervical Plexus

A nerve plexus formed by ventral rami of C1-C4 that gives rise to the phrenic nerve.

Brachial Plexus

A nerve plexus formed by ventral rami of C5-T1 that gives rise to nerves such as the long thoracic, lateral pectoral, musculocutaneous, medial pectoral, ulnar, axillary, radial, thoracodorsal, and median nerves.

Lumbar Plexus

A nerve plexus formed by T12-L4 roots that gives rise to the genitofemoral, lateral cutaneous of thigh, femoral, and obturator nerves.

Sacral Plexus

A nerve plexus formed by L4-S4 roots that gives origin to the superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, pudendal, and sciatic nerves.

Auditory Ossicles

The small bones of the middle ear responsible for sound transmission: malleus, incus, and stapes.

Osseous Labyrinth

The bony outer shell of the inner ear consisting of the cochlear canal, semicircular canal, and vestibule.

Membranous Labyrinth

The system of fluid-filled sacs and ducts within the osseous labyrinth consisting of the cochlear duct, semicircular duct, saccule, and utricle.

Left Coronary Artery

A primary coronary artery that gives off the anterior interventricular branch (running in the anterior interventricular sulcus) and the circumflex branch.

Right Coronary Artery

A primary coronary artery that gives off the posterior interventricular branch (running in the posterior interventricular sulcus) and the marginal branch.

Moderator Band

A muscular band of heart tissue located in the right ventricle.

Aortic Arch Branches

The major vessels branching directly from the aortic arch: the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.

Celiac Trunk

A major branch of the abdominal aorta that divides into the left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery.

Portal Triad

A structural group in the liver composed of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and (common) bile duct.

Lingula

A tongue-like projection situated on the upper lobe of the left lung.

Cartilages of Larynx

The skeletal framework cartilages of the larynx comprising the epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and arytenoid cartilage.

Cantlie's Line

The main portal fissure that, together with the falciform ligament, divides the liver into the left, right, caudate, and quadrate lobes.

Trigone

A smooth, triangular region located at the base of the urinary bladder.

Male Urethra

The male urinary channel divided into three anatomical parts: prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and spongy urethra.

Uterine Ligaments

Supporting ligaments of the female reproductive structures including the proper ovarian ligament, suspensory ligament of ovary, broad ligament, and round ligament.