skull

how many bones in the skull

22

what are the 2 groups of skull bones

cranial

facial

how many cranial bones

8

2 subdivisions of cranial bones

calvaria

floor

what are the inner layers of spongy bone

diploe

what are the calvaria bones

frontal

occipital

r parietal

l parietal

what are the floor bones

ethmoid

sphenoid

r temporal

l temporal

how many facial bones

14

what are the facial bones

VCNMMPZL

RL nasal

RL lacrimal (posterior to nasal)

RL maxillary (upper jaw)

RL zygomatic (cheek bones)

RL palentine (roof of mouth)

RL inferior nasal conchae

vomer

mandible

what are sutures

fibrous immovable joints that connect facial and cranial bones

what is the coronal suture connect

frontal and parietal

where is the sagittal suture

between 2 parietal

where is lamboidal suture

between occipital & parietal

where is squamosal suture

between temporal and parietal

what is bregma

junction of coronal (ft&p) and sagittal (2p)

what is lambda

junction between sagittal (2p) and lamboidal (o&p)

what is pterion

junction of parietal bone,frontal bone, temporal bone, greater wing of sphenoid

what is asterion

junction between occipital bone, parietal bone,& mastoid portion of temporal bone

what are fontanels

areas of incomplete ossification in infant skulls “soft spots” 6

what is craniostenosis

some or all sutures in baby skull close too early causing issued with brain and skull growth

what is acephalus

no head

what is dicephelus

2 heads

what is macrocephalus

large head

what is hydrocephalus

excess fluid

what is the cranial floor

base of the skull

what is the anterior cranial fossa

what part of brain is in it

houses frontal lobes of cerebrum

extends from anterior frontal bone to lesser wings of sphenoid

mid cranial fossa

what lobes of brain in it

houses temporal lobes, extends from lesser wings of sphenoid to apices of petrious ridges

posterior cranial fossa

what parts of brain in there

deep depression posterior to petrous ridges

protects cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

what are the 6 aspects of the skull

frontal

lateral (2)

posterior (occipital)

vertex

basal (inferior)

what kind of skull is a typical skull and what angle are the petrous ridges

mesocephalic

47 anterior and medial

what skull is short front to back and what degrees petrous ridges from msp

brachycephalic

54 anterior and medial

what skull is long front to back and what degrees are petrous ridges from msp

dolichocephalic

anterior and medial 40

where is glabella

between eyebrows

where is inner canthus

inside eyes

where is outer canthus

outer angle of eye

where is nasion

bridge of nose

where is infraorbital margin

eye bags

where is acanthion

under nose

where is gonion

angle of mandible

where is mental point

chin

where is supraciliary

eyebrows

where is EAm

ear hole

where is auricular point

ear lobe

where is tea

top of ear that attaches to head

line between the glabella and eam is what

GML

line between orbits and eam is

OML

what is radiographic baseline

OML

what is line between below eye and eam

IOML

what is degree between GML and OML

8

what is degree between oml and ioml

7

what is line between acanthion and eam

aml

what is line between mental point and eam

mml

What is anterior Fontanel after closure

Bregma

What is posterior fontanel after closure

Lambda

What is mastoid fontanel after closure

Asterion

What is sphenoidal fontanel after closure

Pterion

3 sections of the frontal bone

squamos

orbital

nasal

what are the 5 landmarks of the squamos frontal bone

frontal eminence

spraciliary arch

supraorbital margin

supraorbital foramina

glabella

what passes through supraorbital foramina

supraorbital nerves and artery

what notch is in bteween orbital plates

ethmoid

what are the triangul;ar parts of the orbital section of frontal bone

orbital plates

what sperates nasal cavity from brain

ethmoid

what are the 3 parts of the ethmoid bone

horizontal plate

vertical plate

labyrinth

horizontal plate also known as

cribiform plate

vertcal plate also known as

perpendicular plate of ethmoid

what are the 2 spongy masses on the ethmoid

labyrinth

what are the sections of holes on either side of crista gali plate where the olefactory nerves go

cribiform plate

what seperates brain into right and left

falx cerebri

what is called the roosters comb

crista gali

labyrinth form medial wall of _____ and lateral wall of _____ _____

orbits

nasal cavity

the labyrinth articulate with what 13 bones

2 cranial;frontal, sphenoid

11 facial; 2 nasal, 1 maxillary, 2 lacrimal, 2 palantine, 2 conchae, vomer

whats the widest portion of skull

parietal eminence

what are the 4 borders of parietal bones

sagittal

squamos

frontal

occipital

explain ossification of parietal bones

starts at eminence, works outward, angles are last to form

what are the 4 angles of the parietal bones

frontal (bregma)

sphenoidal (mid meningial artery)

occipital (lambda)

mastoid (asterion)

junction of the occipital bone, parietal bone, mastoid portion of temporal bone

asterion

junction of parietal bone, squamosal suture, greater wing of sphenoid

pterion

junction of sagittal and lamboidal suture

lambda

what are the 7 components of sphenoid bone

body

2 greater wings

2 lesser wings

2 pterygoid process

what part of the sphenoid has sinuses and forms posterior wall of nasal

body

what is the deep depression on superior body of sphenoid

sella turcica

how to find sella turcica

3/4” anterior and superior to EAM @ MSP

where is the pituitary gland

sella turcica

what is the anterior border of sella turcica

tubercullum sellae

what is posterior border of sella turcica

dorsum sellae

what is top border of sella turcica

post clinoid process

where does the clivus sit

below dorsum sellae

what part of the sella turcica supports pons

clivus

where is the optic groove located

across anterior portion of tubercullum selllae

what is the opening into the apex of orbit

optic canal

what goes through the optic canal

optic nerve and opthalamic artery

what is the actual opening into the optic canal

optic foramen

what are the 3 paired foramina on the greater wing of sphenoid

rotundum

ovale

spinosum

foramen lacerum is an opening into the what

coratid canals

what does the pterygoid articulate with

anterior palantine and vomer

what are the 4 parts of the occipital bone

squama

basillar

2 occipital condyles

what is the large hole at the base of the skull

foramen magnum

what are the prominent processes on squama of occipital

external occipoital protuberance

what is another name for external occipital protuberance

inion

the external occipital protuberance corresponds to what

internal occipital protuberance