1.3 Effect: Hiroshima and Nagasaki

What was one of the key effects of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

Huge numbers of casualties and the destruction of much of each city

Approximately how many people died immediately in Hiroshima?

Around 70,000

What percentage of immediate deaths in Hiroshima were caused by burns?

60%

What percentage of immediate deaths in Hiroshima were caused by glass and falling debris?

30%

What percentage of immediate deaths in Hiroshima were caused by radiation sickness?

10%

How many people died immediately in Nagasaki?

Around 40,000

What percentage of Nagasaki's deaths were caused by burns?

80%

What percentage of Nagasaki's deaths were caused by glass and falling debris?

14%

What percentage of Nagasaki's deaths were caused by radiation sickness?

6%

How many people died in Hiroshima in the months and years following the bombing?

Another 60,000-80,000

How many people died in Nagasaki in the months and years following the bombing?

Another 20,000-40,000

What was the total combined death toll of the bombings?

Over 200,000

What caused the difference in fatalities between Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

Different bomb types and city shapes affecting the blast zone

How many buildings in Hiroshima were destroyed or badly damaged?

60,000 of 90,000

How many buildings in Nagasaki were destroyed or badly damaged?

20,000 of 52,000

What percentage of buildings were destroyed or badly damaged in Hiroshima?

Approximately 66.7%

What percentage of buildings were destroyed or badly damaged in Nagasaki?

Approximately 40%

What area was completely destroyed in both cities?

Everything within a 1 km radius of each drop zone

When did Hiroshima's population finally recover?

1958

What term is used to describe the survivors of the bombings?

Hibakusha

What kinds of issues did the Hibakusha face?

Medical problems and social discrimination

What was one of the long-term medical effects faced by survivors?

Higher rates of cancer from radiation exposure

When did Japan offer its surrender to the United States?

August 10, 1945

When was Japan's surrender made official?

September 2 1945

Who led the occupation of Japan after its surrender?

General Douglas MacArthur

What was MacArthur's initial goal for postwar Japan?

To demilitarise Japan and prevent future aggression

What major change occurred in 1947 regarding Japan's occupation objectives?

Focus shifted toward economic growth and legal reform

What did the US help Japan create during the occupation?

A new constitution and democratic reforms

When did the US occupation of Japan officially end?

1952

What was one lasting political consequence of the bombings?

Japan became a demilitarised, democratic nation closely allied with the US.