Bio 120- biological molecules part 1

Monomer

small unit/ building block also known as a single molecule

poylmer

a large molecule made up of many monomers

dehydration synthesis

Large molecules that are assembled through the loss of a water molecule

hydrolysis

Large molecules that are broken apart by adding a water molecule

carbohydrates

a type of macromolecule that includes saccarhides

monosaccharides

what monomer makes up carboydrates?

glycosidic

what bonds connect monosaccharides together?

energy

function of carbs: a quick _______ source

cell

function of carbs: important for ________ membranes

glucose

type of monosaccharide: major source of energy

galactose

type of monosaccharide: important for cellular membrane and nervous system

fructose

type of monosaccharide: obtained from hydrolisis process of glucose. Sweetest carbohydrate.

disaccharide

created from two monosaccharides joining together through dehydration syntehsis

maltose

type of disaccharide: Made of two glucose molecules, found in barely and grains

lactose

type of disaccharide: made of a glucose and galactose, found in milk products

sucrose

type of disaccharide: made from a glucose and fructose, found in sugar cane

polysaccharide

created from many monosaccharides joining together

starch

type of polysaccharide: storage form of glucose in plants

glycogen

type of polysaccharide: storage form of glucose in animals

cellulose

type of polysaccharide: primary structural component of plant cell walls and wood. we cannot digest it, but it provides fiber

chitin

type of polysaccharide: Only carbohydrate that contains nitrogen and is used by arhtropods to build their exoskeleton

lipids

a type of macromolecule: fatty compounds

hydrophobic

are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophillic?

internal organs

function of lipids: to cushion _________ __________

cell membrane

function of lipids: structural component of _______ ______________

fatty acid

type of lipid: simplest lipid that consists of a hydrocarbon chain bonded to a carboxyl group

saturated

type of fatty acid: contains single bonds only, solid at room temp, and major source in animals

unsaturated

type of fatty acid: Includes double bonds, liquid at room temp, and major source in plants

omega 3

type of lipid: Lowers tendecy of blood platelets sticking together, important for cardiovascular health

triglycerides

type of lipid: energy storage

phospholipids

type of lipid: One gylcerol and three fatty acids, important for membrane permability

polar; nonpolar

Phospholipids have a _______ head and a ________________ tail

steroids

type of lipid: Functions for enddocrine signaling/ hormonal support

cholesterol

type of lipid: Important for mylein sheath and brain and nerve tissue

lipoproteins

type of lipid: water-soluble complex that transports other lipids through the blood

HDL

“Good” cholesterol that scrapes away the bad type from the artery walls to prevent plaque

LDL

“bad” cholesterol that deposits on the arteries and promotes plaque formation

amphipathic bilayer

phospholipids are good at forming cellular membranes because their polar and nonpolar regions form an ________ ________ of phospholipids