Nutrition Recommendations for the Canadian Diet

Flashcards on Canadian nutrition standards, DRIs, Canada's Food Guide, food labeling regulations, and nutritional assessment methods.

What are the two main approaches to formulating nutrition recommendations?

1) Nutrient-based approach, which describes the amounts of individual nutrients needed. 2) Food-based approach, in which a dietary pattern is recommended.

What historical event in the 1860s in England led to early dietary standards?

The Industrial Revolution, which caused a rise in urban populations leading to a large number of homeless and hungry people.

What was the name of the first Canadian food guide, published in 1942 during wartime?

Canada's Official Food Rules.

How is Dietary reference intatakes defined in the text?

a set of values for the intake of energy, nutrients, and food components that can be used for planning and assessing diets of healthy people in the United States and Canada.

What is the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)?

Intakes that meet the estimated nutrient needs of 50% of individuals in a specific life stage and gender group.

What mathematical equation defines the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) relative to the EAR?

$$\text{RDA} = \text{EAR} + 2\text{SD}$$

What are Adequate Intakes (AIs) and when are they used?

AIs are nutrient intakes used as a goal when no RDA exists; they approximate the average nutrient intake that appears to sustain a desired indicator of health when experimental data are insufficient to set an EAR.

What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)?

Maximum daily intakes that are unlikely to pose a risk of adverse health effects to most individuals in the specified life stage and gender group.

How is Criterion of adequacy defined in the provided slide?

A funcional indicator that can be measured to determine the biological effect of a level of nutrient intake.

What are the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) for carbohydrates, fat, and protein?

45% to 65% of kcalories from carbohydrates, 20% to 35% of kcalories from fat, and 10% to 30% of kcalories from protein.

How is Food envrionment defined in the notes?

elements of the social and physical envrionment that impacts food choices, by influencing the types of foods available, the accessibility of food, and the exposure to food and nutrion information, including through marketing and advertising.

According to Canada's Food Guide, how should proportions on a healthy meal plate be divided?

Half of the plate consists of vegetables and fruits, one-quarter consists of protein foods, and one-quarter consists of whole grain foods, with water as the drink of choice.

Based on the sample meals table using Canada's Food Guide, what items make up the 'Breakfast: Veggie Omelette and Toast'?

Vegetables and fruit (chopped vegetables, orange), Whole grains (whole grain wheat toast), and Protein food (egg).

In Canadian food packaging, how must ingredients be listed in the ingredients list?

In descending order by weight, with the most common ingredient listed first.

Why were vitamin A and vitamin C removed from mandatory core nutrients on Canadian labels, and what was added in their place?

Vitamin A and vitamin C were removed due to little evidence of deficiency among Canadians, and potassium was added because many Canadians are at risk for high blood pressure.

According to Table 2.7, what is the exact definition of a 'low fat' descriptor on Canadian food labels?

The food contains $3\,\text{g}$ or less per serving.

How is Nutritional Status defined in the notes?

state of health as it is influenced by the intake and utilization of nutrients

According to the Stages of Deficiency diagram, what assessment tool evaluates the first stage ('Inadequate intake')?

Dietary evaluation to assess nutrient intake, alongside Medical history, Physical exam, and Laboratory tests to assess absorption issues, increased needs, or increased losses.

What is a 24 hour recall method of dietary assessment?

A method in which a trained interviewer helps an individual remember everything he or she ate during the previous day.

What are food disappearance surveys used for in monitoring population dietary habits?

To estimate the food use of a population by monitoring the amount of food that leaves the marketplace.