AP HUG Module 9-10 vocab

Demographic equation

The method for calculating total population of a country or place based on natural increase and migration over a period of time (usually a year)

Crude birth rate (CBR)

The average number of births per 1000 people; the traditional way of measuring birth rates

Low birth rate

Accrued birth rate below 20 births per 1000 people

Transitional birth rate

Accrued birth rate between 20 and 30 per 1000 people

High birth rate

A crude birth rate of more than 30 per 1000 people

Total fertility rate(TFR)

The average number of children born per woman during her reproductive lifetime, considered to be from 15 to 49 years of age

Replacement level fertility

The average number of children needed to replace both parents and stabilize population over time

Gender roles

Behaviors and attitudes associated with a particular gender based on cultural norms

Crude death rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per year per 1000 people

Infant mortality rate (IMR)

A measure of how many infants die within their first year of life per 1000 live births

Child mortality

Deaths of children under five years of age

Rate of natural increase (RNI)

The difference between the number of births and deaths in a given year, one expressed as a percentage of total population

Zero population growth

When a country has the same number of births and death in a given year, it’s RNI is zero

Doubling time

The number of years it takes for populations to double in size

Rule of 70

A tool for calculating the doubling time of a population by dividing 70 by a countries’s rate of natural increase (RNI)

Demographic transition model (DTM)

Conceptualizes how crude birth death rates (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) as well as the resulting rate of natural increase (RNI) change overtime as countries go through industrialization and urbanization

Demographic dividend

Economic benefit countries get when the share of their working age population rises relative to children and elderly people

Epidemiology

A branch of medicine that studies the distribution determinant and control of diseases and other health conditions, such as tobacco use and sedentary lifestyle

Epidemiological transition theory

Six to explain how changes in health services and living standards affect patterns of disease

Degenerative disease

A disease that causes deterioration over time, such as cancer, heart disease, and stroke