global environmental change

Matter

Anything that takes up space and has mass (solid, liquid, gas) it cannot be created or destroyed

Elements

Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler forms

96% of mass of living creatures is composed into 4 elements

(nitrogen, electrons, neutrons, oxygen)

1st orbit

2nd orbit

3rd orbit

2 electrons

8 electrons

8 electrons

Molecules

A pair or group of atoms that exist as a single unit

Ionic bonds

Opposites that attract

Covalent bonds

Sharing

Forming bonds

Energy is both absorbed and released

Isotopes

Have different number of neutrons

Ion

Have different numbers of electrons

Cation

When the charge is negative

Anion

When the charge is positive

Carbohydrates

Is an energy source

10% rule

Tertiary consumers only get 10% of calories when the food works the way up to them

Biomagnification

Increase in concentration of chemical with increasing tropic levels

Kinetic vs potential energy

Kinetic energies is when something is moving

Potential energy is when something has potential energy because of its position

Photosynthesis & cell respiration

Uses energy to make food

Cells break down sugar to release energy

Producers/ consumers

Producers make there own food

Consumers can not

Laws of thermodynamics

1. Zeroth law- if two objects are the same temperature as the third they are the same temperature as each other

2.first law energy is conserved- energy cannot be created or destroyed

3.second law entropy- energy spreads out and some energy becomes less useful

4. Third law- absolute zero-coldest possible temperature