GEOGRAPHY

Country in North America; federal republic with 50 states.

United States (USA)

archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

Filipinas / Philippines

Southeast Asian archipelagic country; lies between the Indian and Pacific Oceans

Indonesia

European country shaped like a boot; home of Rome and the Renaissance.

Italy

European country known for Ancient Greek civilization and democracy.

Greece

Island in East Asia, off the southeastern coast of China.

Taiwan

Landlocked country in Central Europe, famous for the Alps

Switzerland

East Asian country; one of the world's largest countries and populations

China

Continent containing the USA, Canada, Mexico, etc.

North America

Region involving countries around Asia and the Pacific Ocean.

Asia-Pacific

Refers broadly to relationships/interactions between Africa and Asia

Afro-Asian

Association of Southeast Asian Nations; regional organization of Southeast Asian countries.

ASEAN

Highland basin where Mexico City is located; important center of Aztec civilization

Valley of Mexico

Peninsula in southeastern Mexico; associated with Maya civilization

Yucatan Peninsula

U.S. state on the Pacific coast of North America.

California

Philippine island between Luzon and Palawan

Mindoro

Major city/region in southeastern Mindanao; known for Mount Apo and durian

Davao

Philippine island/province west of the main Philippine archipelago; near the South China Sea.

Palawan

Southern Philippine island province near Sabah, Malaysia.

Tawi-Tawi

Indonesian island where Jakarta is located; densely populated.

Java

Ancient Khmer urban/religious center in Cambodia; famous for Angkor Wat

Angkor

City in northern Thailand; important cultural and historical center.

Chiang Mai

Major city in South Africa, near the Cape of Good Hope.

Cape Town

Major South African city and economic center.

Johannesburg

Capital of Egypt, located near the Nile River

Cairo

Metropolitan municipality in South Africa containing Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth).

Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality

Capital of Iraq, located along the Tigris River.

Baghdad

Major African river; flows through Egypt and into the Mediterranean Sea

Nile River

Longest river in the Philippines; located mainly in northeastern Luzon.

Cagayan River

Longest river in China and Asia

Yangtze River

Major Chinese river; important to early Chinese civilization

Yellow River

Largest and deepest ocean.

Pacific Ocean

Ocean between the Americas and Europe/Africa

Atlantic Ocean

Ocean between Africa, Asia, and Australia

Indian Ocean

Smallest and shallowest major ocean; surrounds the Arctic.

Arctic Ocean

Sea in Southeast Asia between China and countries such as the Philippines and Vietnam.

South China Sea

A body of water partly enclosed by land but connected to a larger body of water

Bay

Large body of seawater partly enclosed by land; generally larger/deeper than a bay, though usage varies.

Gulf

Smaller division of an ocean, usually partly enclosed by land.

Sea

Narrow water passage connecting two larger bodies of water.

Strait

Inland body of water surrounded by land.

Lake

Imaginary line at 0° latitude dividing Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Equator

Line of longitude running from North Pole to South Pole.

Meridian

Measures distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.

Longitude

Measures distance north or south of the Equator.

Latitude

0° longitude, passing through Greenwich, England

Prime Meridian

Approximately 23.5° N latitude.

Tropic of Cancer

Half of Earth: Northern/Southern or Eastern/Western.

Hemisphere

Long, narrow depression formed when Earth's crust pulls apart

Rift Valley

Area associated with movement/interactions of Earth's tectonic plates.

Tectonic Zone

Zone around the Pacific Ocean with many volcanoes and earthquakes.

Ring of Fire

Point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's focus.

Epicenter

Highest mountain in the Philippines; located in Mindanao.

Mount Apo

Active Philippine volcano famous for its near-perfect cone

Mount Mayon

Land surrounded by water on three sides

Peninsula

One of Earth's major continuous landmasses

Continent

Group or chain of islands.

Archipelago

Large, slow-moving mass of ice formed from accumulated snow.

Glacier

Northern polar region around the North Pole.

Arctic Region

Ancient instrument used to determine celestial positions and help with navigation.

Astrolabe

Instrument that makes distant objects, especially celestial bodies, appear closer/larger

Telescope

Instrument used to determine direction, especially north

Compass

it tells time using the position/shadow of the Sun

Sundia

Three-dimensional model of Earth.

Globe

Map projection that preserves the relative area of regions.

Equal-area map

Projection useful for navigation because it preserves direction/angles, but greatly distorts area near the poles.

Mercator map

Map projection centered on one of Earth's poles

Polar projection

Map using colors to distinguish features, categories, elevations, etc

Colored map

Map emphasizing the world's continents/land areas.

World landmass map

Information represented in continuous physical form, such as a traditional printed map.

Analog

Information represented electronically, such as Google Maps or GIS maps.

Digital

Relating to a small or specific geographic area.

Local

Relating to a small or specific geographic area.

Local

A commonly accepted format, measurement, or reference.

Standard

Short-term atmospheric condition.

Weather

Long-term pattern of weather in a place.

Climate

A division of the year characterized by recurring weather conditions.

Season

Layer of gases surrounding Earth.

Atmosphere

Amount of water vapor in the air.

Humidity

Climate with hot/dry summers and mild/wet winters. Common around the Mediterranean and similar regions

Subtropical Mediterranean Climate