Science Thermal Energy

Thermal energy

The sum of kinetic and potential energy particles in an object

more mass

more thermal energy

thermal increases

temperature increases

Temperature

a measure of average kinetic energy particles in an object

Higher temperature

faster particle movement

Kinetic molecular theory

particles move in a constant random motion

Thermal energy always flows from high temperature objects

to lower temperature objects

Heat

The transfer of the energy from one object to another

q

heat energy

q is in

Joules

Cold is not real only

absence of heat

When heat flows to object

heat change positive

when heat flows out of an object

the change in heat is negative

conduction

Transfer of energy through matter by direct contact of particle example=solid cause particles are already touching contact is easy

Convection

Transfer of energy by the movement of particles for example liquid/gases. Current moves heat from warmer to cooler parts of a substance

m

mass

c

specific heat

^T

change in temperature/final-initial

Radiation

Transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves fastest in gases can be absorbed or reflected. Can travel through space and between molecules

conductors

Materials that allow heat to flow easily examples=metal

Insulators

MAterials that do not allow heat to flow easily example=air,wood,plastics

Specific heat

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit of mass by any degree