Extra credit quiz

A ________ uses one attribute to develop an overall impression of a person or situation.

A) projection

B) stereotype

C) halo effect

D) selective perception

C Halo effect

Which of the following perceptual distortions focuses attention on things consistent with existing beliefs, needs, or actions?

A) Projection

B) A stereotype

C) Selective perception

D) A halo effect

Selective perception

________ underestimates internal factors and overestimates external factors as influences on someone's behavior.

A) Selective projection

B) Self-serving bias

C) The fundamental attribution error

D) A halo effect

B) Self-serving bias

Which of the following is NOT a Big Five personality trait?

A) Agreeableness

B) Emotional stability

C) Intelligence

D) Extraversion

C intelligenge

Which of the following terms refers to the degree to which a person defers to authority and accepts status differences?

A) Machiavellianism

B) Authoritarianism

C) Locus of control

D) Personality

B) Authoritarianism

Perception can cause ________ errors when developing explanations for events and their causes.

A) reaction

B) reflection

C) attribution

D) acknowledgement

C attribution

Chang is a wonderful colleague.  He is kind, thoughtful, and always helps when someone gets behind with their work.  He is ________.

A) extraverted

B) agreeable

C) conscientious

D) emotionally stable

B agreeable

 Shamika is a firefighter.  She is the first to enter a burning building as soon as she has evaluated the safety of the building.  She is ________.

A) extraverted

B) agreeable

C) open to experiences

D) emotionally stable

D emotionally stable

________ is aggressive behavior toward co-workers or the work setting.

A) Job burnout

B) Workplace rage

C) Self-serving bias

D) Destructive stress

B. workplace rage

A predisposition to act in a certain way is called ________.

A) a bias

B) cognitive dissonance

C) an attitude

D) manipulation

C. an attitude

 The ________ component of attitude reflects a specific feeling.

A) dissonance

B) cognitive

C) affective

D) behavior

C affective

Organizational ________ behaviors are things people do to go the extra mile in their work. 

A) attitude 

B) dissonance 

C) contagion 

D) citizenship

D citizenship

Mood ________ is the spillover of one's positive or negative moods onto others.

A) perception

B) projection

C) engagement

D) contagion

D contagion

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, an ESTJ would most likely be ________.

A) analytical, strategic, and quick to take charge

B) decisive, logical, and quick to dig in

C) insightful, free thinking, and determined

D) conscientious, considerate, and helpful

A) analytical, strategic, and quick to take charge

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, an ENTJ would most likely be ________.

A) analytical, strategic, and quick to take charge

B) decisive, logical, and quick to dig in

C) insightful, free thinking, and determined

D) conscientious, considerate, and helpful

A) analytical, strategic, and quick to take charge

 According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, an ISJF would most likely be ________.

A) analytical, strategic, and quick to take charge

B) decisive, logical, and quick to dig in

C) insightful, free thinking, and determined

D) conscientious, considerate, and helpful

D) conscientious, considerate, and helpful

 According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, an INTJ would most likely be ________.

A) analytical, strategic, and quick to take charge

B) decisive, logical, and quick to dig in

C) insightful, free thinking, and determined

D) conscientious, considerate, and helpful

C) insightful, free thinking, and determined

Arjun knows what he wants and logically evaluates each situation.  He likely has a ________ Myers-Briggs personality type.

A) ESTJ

B) ENTJ

C) ISJF

D) INTJ

C. ISJF

Aurelia carefully analyzes a situation before she gets involved.  She is able to consider the big picture and think long-term. She is quick to take charge of a situation.  She likely has a ________ Myers-Briggs personality type.

A) ESTJ

B) ENTJ

C) ISJF

D) INTJ

B. ENTJ

Misu is conscientious, considerate, and helpful.  He likely has a ________ Myers-Briggs personality type.

A) ESTJ

B) ENTJ

C) ISJF

D) INTJ

C. ISJF

 The degree to which someone is able to adjust his or her behavior in response to external factors is called ________.

A) self-awareness

B) reliability

C) locus of control

D) self-monitoring

D. self- monitoring

________ leaders continually seek approval from others to ease their deep, nagging concerns that they are just not good enough.

A) Authoritarian

B) Narcissistic

C) Machiavellian

D) Transformational

B) Narcissistic

Type ________ personalities are likely to bring stress on themselves even in circumstances that others find relatively stress free.

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

A. A

 Type ________ personalities are oriented toward extreme achievement, impatience, and perfection.

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

A. A

A(n) ________ is oriented toward extreme achievement, impatience, and perfectionism.

A) self-monitoring personality

B) agreeable personality

C) Type A personality

D) Type B personality

C. Type A

Which of the following is the highest level of need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) Esteem needs

B) Self-actualization needs

C) Social needs

D) Safety needs

B) Self-actualization needs

Which of the following is the lowest level of need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) Esteem needs

B) Physiological needs

C) Social needs

D) Safety needs

B) Physiological needs

The lower-order needs of Maslow's hierarchy of needs include physiological, safety, and ________ needs.

A) esteem 

B) self-actualization 

C) psychological 

D) social

D social

The higher-order needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs include self-actualization and ________ needs.

A) esteem 

B) physiological 

C) shelter 

D) social

A esteem

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, ________ needs are desires for satisfying interpersonal relationships.

A) social 

B) existence 

C) relatedness 

D) self-actualization

C. relatedness

Which of the following are in Herzberg's two-factor theory?

A) Satisfier and achievement 

B) Achievement and hygiene 

C) Hygiene and satisfier 

D) Recognition and satisfier

C) Hygiene and satisfier 

According to Herzberg, ________ factors are found in job context such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary.

A) satisfier 

B) intrinsic 

C) physiological 

D) hygiene

D hygiene

 According to Herzberg, ________ factors are found in job content such as sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, or personal growth.

A) extrinsic 

B) satisfier 

C) physiological 

D) hygiene

B satisfier

 According to Herzberg, ________ factors influence job dissatisfaction while ________ factors influence job satisfaction.

A) motivating; intrinsic 

B) intrinsic; motivating 

C) satisfier; hygiene 

D) hygiene; satisfier

D) hygiene; satisfier

 Bharat likes putting his ability to quickly problem-solve to work, but he prefers working alone.  He does not require praise to know he has done a good job.  He has a need for ________.

A) power

B) achievement

C) recognition

D) affiliation

B. achievement

Saadat likes to know his co-workers and socialize with them outside of work.  He needs other people to approve of his work and to like him.  He has a need for ________.

A) power

B) achievement

C) recognition

D) affiliation

D affiliation

Job ________ is the process of increasing job content by adding work planning and evaluating duties normally performed by a supervisor.

A) content

B) design

C) enrichment

D) identity

C. enrichment

Which of the following job characteristics is the degree to which a job gives individual freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling work and in choosing procedures for carrying it out?

A) Autonomy

B) Task significance

C) Task identity

D) Skill variety

A autonomy

Vroom offers an approach to understand motivation with the following equation:

Motivation = Expectancy × Instrumentality × ________.

A) Outcome

B) Results

C) Valence

D) Goals

C valence

In Vroom's expectancy equation, the term expectancy represents ________.

A) the value a person assigns to work-related outcomes

B) a person's belief that working hard will result in high task performance

C) the amount of monetary gain a person expects out of specific task performance

D) a person's belief that various outcomes will occur as a result of task performance

B) a person's belief that working hard will result in high task performance

In Vroom's expectancy theory, ________ is a person's belief that various outcomes will occur as a result of task performance.

A) expectancy

B) valence

C) instrumentality

D) achievement

C) instrumentality

In Vroom's expectancy equation, which of the following terms represents the value a person assigns to work-related outcomes?

A) Expectancy

B) Valence

C) Instrumentality

D) Achievement

B valence

According to Vroom's expectancy theory, in order to have high and positive valences, people must ________.

A) believe in their abilities

B) value the outcomes associated with high performance

C) perceive rewards as being equitable

D) perceive that their performance accomplishments will be followed by desired work outcomes

B) value the outcomes associated with high performance

Thorndike's ________ states that behavior followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, while behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is not.

A) law of effect

B) law of equity

C) goal-setting theory

D) expectancy theory

A. law of effect

The law of ________ reinforcement ties reinforcement directly to behavior.

A) immediate 

B) contingent 

C) positive 

D) negative

B contingent

The ________ needs of the Alderfer's ERG theory are essentially the higher-order needs in Maslow's hierarchy. 

A) growth 

B) existence 

C) relationship 

D) physiological

A growth

 The three needs in McClelland's acquired needs theory are the need for achievement, ________, and affiliation. 

A) esteem

B) safety

C) motivation

D) power

d. power

Perceived ________ is discomfort felt over being harmed by unfair treatment.

A) negative equity

B) negative inequity

C) positive equity

D) positive inequity

b negative inequity

You feel that your professor is extra hard on you because you are an athlete.  This is perceived ________.

A) negative equity

B) negative inequity

C) positive equity

D) positive inequity

b) negative inequity

Perceived ________ is discomfort felt over benefitting from unfair treatment.

A) negative equity

B) negative inequity

C) positive equity

D) positive inequity

D) positive inequity

You think your professor takes it easy on you because you are an athlete.  This is an example of perceived ________.

A) negative equity

B) negative inequity

C) positive equity

D) positive inequity

D) positive inequity

To have ________, people must perceive that their performance accomplishments will be followed by desired work outcomes.

A) low instrumentalities

B) high instrumentalities

C) positive valences

D) low valences

B) high instrumentalities

________ is positive reinforcement of successive approximations to the new behavior.

A) Controlling 

B) Encouragement 

C) Shaping 

D) Sculpting 

C shaping