Lab 13: Joint and Movement

Human Anatomy

Define joints

where bones join (come together) articulate

Functions of joints

movement and growth

What are the subtypes of the joint structural classifications: Fibrous

• suture

• syndesmosis

• gomphosis

What are the subtypes of the joint structural classifications: Cartilaginous

• synchondrosis

• symphysis

What are the subtypes of the joint structural classifications: Synovial

• pivot

• hinge

• saddle

• condylar

• plane/gliding

• ball and socket

List the three functional classifications of joints

1. Immovable

2. Slightly movable

3. Freely movable

1. synarthrotic

2. amphiarthrotic

3. diarthrotic

Label the synovial joint

1. Bone

2. Articular cartilage

3. Synovial membrane

4. Joint capsule/ Articular capsule

5. Joint cavity containing synovial fluid

Turning the foot so the plantar surface faces medially

Inversion

Bending of joint so that the angle between them decreases

Flexion

Turning the foot so the plantar surface faces laterally

Eversion

Moving a body part posteriorly

Retraction

Moving a part anteriorly

Protraction

Rotation of the forearm so the palm is upward, or facing anteriorly in the correct anatomical position

Supination

Moving a part away from the midline or from the axial line of the limb

Abduction

A term used to describe the extension of the parts at a joint beyond its anatomical position; often used to describe an abnormal extension beyond the normal range of motion

Hyperextension

Raising a body part superiorly

Elevation

Rotation of the forearm so the palm is downward, or facing posteriorly

Pronation

Movement at the ankle that beings the foot closer to the shin

Dorsiflexion

Movement at the ankle that brings the foot further from the shin

Plantar flexion

Moving a part toward the midline or toward the axial line of the limb

Adduction

Lowering a part inferiorly

Depression

Moving a part so that its ends makes a circular pattern in the air

Circumduction

Moving parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move further apart

Extension

Movement of a body part around an axis

Rotation

For each joint determine the structural classification, subtype, and functional classification

A. Frontal and Parietal Bones

B. Mandibular Condyle and Temporal Bone

C. Mandible and Roof of mandibular

A.

1. Structural Classification: fibrous

2. Subtype: suture

3. Functional Classification: synarthrotic

B.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: condylar

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

C.

1. Structural Classification: fibrous

2. Subtype: gomphosis

3. Functional Classification: synarthrotic

For each joint determine the structural classification, subtype, and functional classification

D. Occipital condyles and atlas

D.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: condylar

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

For each joint determine the structural classification, subtype, and functional classification

E. atlas and axis

E.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: pivot

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

For each joint determine the structural classification, subtype, and functional classification

F. superior and inferior articulates process

F.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: plane/gliding

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

For each joint determine the structural classification, subtype, and functional classification

G. sternum and true rib

H. acromion of scapula and clavicle

I. manubrium and clavicle

J. manubrium and 1st rib

K. head of humerus and glenoid cavity

L. vertebral bodies and intervertebral disc

G.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: plane

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

H.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: plane

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

I.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: saddle

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

J.

1. Structural Classification: cartilaginous

2. Subtype: synchondrosis

3. Functional Classification: synarthrotic

K.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: ball and socket

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

L.

1. Structural Classification: cartilaginous

2. Subtype: symphysis

3. Functional Classification: amphiarthrotic

For each joint determine the structural classification, subtype, and functional classification

M. trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna

N. head of radius/ radial notch of ulna

O. capitulum of humerus/ radial head

M.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: hinge

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

N.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: pivot

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

O.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: plane

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

For each joint determine the structural classification, subtype, and functional classification

P. 4th middle and distal phalanx

Q. carpal and metacarpal

R. between carpals

S. radius and carpal

T. trapezium and 1st metacarpal

U. 2nd metacarpal and proximal phalanx

* Joint between radius and ulna

P.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: hinge

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

Q.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: plane

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

R.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: plane

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

S.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: condylar

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

T.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: saddle

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

U.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: condylar

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

4. 
   

*
1. Structural Classification: fibrous

2. Subtype: syndesmosis (interosseous ligament)

3. Functional Classification: amphiarthrotic

For each joint determine the structural classification, subtype, and functional classification

V. ilium and sacrum

W. head of femur/ acetabulum

X. pubic bone

V.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: plane

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

W.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: ball and socket

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

X.

1. Structural Classification: cartilaginous

2. Subtype: symphysis

3. Functional Classification: amphiarthrotic

For each joint determine the structural classification, subtype, and functional classification

Y. Femur and patella

Z. Femur and tibia

Y.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: plane

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

Z.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: condylar

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

For each joint determine the structural classification, subtype, and functional classification

AA. between tibia and fibula

BB. tibia/ talus

CC. tarsals

DD. tarsals and metatarsals

EE. proximal and distal phalanx

AA.

1. Structural Classification: fibrous

2. Subtype: syndesmosis

3. Functional Classification: amphiarthrotic

BB.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: hinge

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

CC.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: plane

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

DD.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: plane

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

EE.

1. Structural Classification: synovial

2. Subtype: hinge

3. Functional Classification: diarthrotic

Name the areas around the knee

(Left: anterior; Right: posterior)

1. Patellar ligament (bottom); Patellar [Quadriceps] tendon (top)

2. Fibular collateral ligament (FCL/LCL)

3. Tibial collateral ligament (TCL/MCL)

4. Lateral meniscus

5. Medial meniscus

6. Femur

7. Tibia

8. Fibula

9. Anterior cruciate ligament (APL)

10. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Name the areas of the hip bone

(Left: anterior; Right: posterior)

1. ilium

2. pubis

3. ischium

4. iliofemoral ligament

5. pubofemoral ligament

6. ischiofemoral ligament

Name the areas in the sectioned shoulder

A. scapula

B. head of humerus

C. joint capsule

D. articular cartilage

Name the areas in the sectioned elbow

A. ulna

B. humerus

C. articular cartilage

D. radius

Name the areas in the sectioned hip

A. acetabulum

B. head of femur

C. ligaments od the head of the femur

D. articular cartilage

Name the areas in the sectioned knee

A. patella

B. femur

C. infrapatellar bursa

D. tibia

E. suprapatellar bursa

F. prepatellar bursa

G. patellar (quadriceps) tendon

H. patellar ligament