Properties of Matter - Gr.9 Science

What is Matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).

What is Mass?

A measure of the quantity of matter in an object (kg).

What is weight?

The product of mass and gravity measured in Newtons (N).

What is volume?

A measure of how big an object is or how much space a fluid takes up (L or mL).

What are the 3 states of matter?

1. Solid

2. Liquid

3. Gas

What are the 5 principles of Particle Theory?

1. All matter is composed of tiny particles (parts)

2. Each pure substance has its own kind of particles, different from the particles in other pure substances

3. All particles have spaces between them

4. The particles in a substance attract each other

5. Particles present in matter are always in motion

What are the 6 changes of states of matter?

1. Melting

2. Evaporation

3. Condensation

4. Freezing

5. Sublimation

6. Deposition

What is melting?

Solid to Liquid

What is evaporation?

Liquid to gas

What is condensation?

Gas to liquid

What is freezing?

Liquid to solid

What is sublimation?

Solid to gas (Eg. Solid air freshener)

What is deposition?

Gas to solid (Eg. cold air frosting on ground)

What is the temperature of the freezing and melting point?

0°c

What is the temperature of the boiling and condensation point?

100°c

What are the two classifications of matter?

1. Mixture (variable composition, combination of pure substances that has not occured chemically)

2. Pure substance (constant composition, made of 1 type of matter and has a unique set of properties)

What are the two types of mixtures?

1. Heterogeneous mixtures (you see all the parts)

2. Homogeneous mixtures (you see only 1 colour and everything’s combined)

What are the two types of Heterogeneous mixtures?

1. Mechanical mixture (different substances in mixture are visible such as soil or salt and pepper mix)

2. Suspension mixture (different substances in mixture are cloudy and substances can be separated such as salad dressing)

What is a solution?

A homogeneous mixture where different substances are not individually visible (e.g sugar in hot coffee)

What are the two types of Pure Substances?

1. Elements (a substance that cannot be broken down and is made of one kind of atom such as Hydrogen, Gold, or Oxygen)

2. Compounds (A substance made from two or more elements that combine chemically such as water or H20)

What is a physical property?

A description of the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured.

What are the 8 physical properties and their definitions?

1. Colour - the light something reflects (blue)

2. Lustre - the shine of an object (metals have lustre)

3. Conductivity - ability to conduct or transfer heat or electricity (copper is conductive but rubber isn’t)

4. Density - amount of mass in a given space (pure water is 1g/mL)

5. Ductility - a solid that can be stretched into a wire (copper)

6. Hardness - ability to resist being scratched (diamond is the hardest, talc powder is softest)

7. Malleability - a substance can be rolled into sheets (aluminum foil)

8. Viscosity - resistance of fluid to flow (syrup has greater viscosity than water)

What are some other physical properties?

1. texture

2. odour

3. state

4. melting point

5. boiling point

6. solubility (substance’s ability to dissolve in a given volume)

How much of our bodies are made up of water?

70%

What is cohesion?

A characteristic that allows water to stick to itself (water forming beads on non-absorbent surfaces).

What is Adhesion?

A characteristic that allows water to stick to other surfaces (mopping up water with a towel).

What is a chemical property?

The ability of a substance to change into a new substance.

What are some examples of chemical properties?

• absorbs heat during reaction

• combustible

• forms gas when heated

• reacts with acid

• reacts with water

• reacts with oxygen

• emits heat during reaction

• emits light during reaction

• forms a precipitate (solid) in a solution

How can you find evidence of a chemical change?

Look for:

• colour change

• odour change

• temperature change

• production of light

• production of heat

• formation of a new solid inside a liquid (precipitates)

• production of a new gas

What’s the difference between a chemical and physical change?

A physical change does not involve the substances chemical identity and can be reversed whereas a chemical change changes the composition and cannot be reversed.

What are some examples of physical changes?

• change of state

• change of shape

• mixing two solids

• change of size

What are some examples of chemical changes?

• a burning campfire

• mixing an acid and a base

• cooking eggs

• ripening fruit

What are the 3 components of a fire?

1. fuel

2. oxygen

3. heat