CORINS1 Prelim Reviewer: Correctional Administration and Penology

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the basics of correctional administration, penology, historical legal codes, prison disciplines, and justifications of punishment based on the Corins1 prelim reviewer.

Correctional administration

The study and practice of systematic management of jails, prisons, and other institutions concerned with offenders; considered one of the areas of criminology.

Penology

Primarily the study of punishment of crime or criminal offenders; also known as Penal Science.

Poena

The Latin word derived for Penology, meaning "pain or suffering."

Poenalis

The Latin word meaning "punishment."

Sociology of Law

A division of criminology that deals with understanding the nature of criminal law and its procedure of administration.

Criminal Etiology

A division of criminology concerned with determining the causes and factors of crime occurrence.

Penal Management

The manner or practice of managing or controlling places of confinement, specifically jails and prisons.

Correction

The branch of the criminal justice system concerned with the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of offenders.

Fourth Pillar

The rank of the Corrections pillar in the criminal justice system; it is also considered the weakest pillar.

Institutional Corrections

A type of corrections that provides reformation and rehabilitation inside a correctional institution, such as the BJMP.

Non-Institutional Corrections

A type of corrections that provides reformation and rehabilitation in the community outside prison, such as probation and parole.

Mittimus

A court order issued after a final judgment directing corrections to enforce the sentence.

Commitment Order

A court order directing the confinement of an accused while the case is awaiting or undergoing trial.

Detention

Temporary custody of an accused during trial.

Blue-Flu

A form of protest where uniformed personnel take sick leave en masse to support their demands.

Carpeta

The institutional record of an inmate.

Classification

Also known as diversification, it is the process of assigning or grouping inmates according to factors such as sentence, gender, age, nationality, and health.

Illegal Contraband

Any article, item, or thing prohibited by law.

Nuisance Contraband

Items prohibited only by jail rules rather than by law.

Co-correctional institution

An institution that houses both male and female offenders who interact and share facilities except for sleeping areas.

Convict Bogey Society

The exaggerated fear of convicts and ex-convicts.

Deterrence

A crime-control strategy and justification of punishment that uses punishment to prevent the offender and others from committing similar crimes.

Deinstitutionalization

A strategy that focuses on keeping offenders in the community rather than in long-term institutions.

Determinate sentence

A fixed period of incarceration imposed by the court.

Escape

The unlawful act of getting out of confinement or custody.

Securing Sanctuary

A 13th-century practice where a criminal could seek refuge in a church for 40 days.

Gaols

Pre-trial detention facilities operated by English sheriffs.

Galleys

Long, narrow ships used in the transportation of criminals.

Hulks

Decrepit former transport or warships used to house prisoners.

Classical School

A school of penology maintaining the doctrine of psychological hedonism or free will, where the offender chooses the crime.

Neoclassical School

A school that modified Classical doctrine by considering circumstances such as the age and mental capacity of the offender.

Positivist School

Also known as the Italian School, it denied individual responsibility and emphasized social, biological, and environmental factors in crime.

Retaliation

The earliest known remedy for a wrongful act.

Code of King Hammurabi

A Babylonian code associated with the "an eye for an eye" principle.

Twelve Tables

The earliest codification of Roman law, associated with the beginning of written laws.

Greek Code of Draco

An ancient code known for being extremely harsh.

Burgundian Code

A code that specified punishment according to the social class of the offender.

Code of Kalantiao

A Philippine code promulgated in 1433 known for harsh punishments.

Maragtas Code

An ancient code associated with Datu Sumakwel.

RA 9346

The law that abolished the death penalty in the Philippines.

Banishment

An ancient form of punishment involving expulsion from the community.

Social Degradation

A form of punishment involving public humiliation or shame, often using devices like the pillory.

Hard Labor

An early prison discipline involving heavy work imposed as punishment.

Deprivation

A form of punishment involving the taking away of comforts, privileges, or rights.

Monotony

A prison discipline involving doing the same thing every day all the time.

Uniformity

A prison discipline where everyone follows the same rules.

Mass Movement

The practice of moving inmates at the same time together under supervision.

Solitary Confinement

A disciplinary measure involving keeping inmates isolated from others.

Parole

Conditional release from prison after serving part of a sentence.

Probation

The release of an offender into the community under court supervision; according to the reviewer, it applies when the sentence does not exceed six years.

Destierro

A penalty prohibiting a person from entering or going near a specified place within a 25-kilometer perimeter.

Retribution

A justification of punishment based on the idea that the offender deserves punishment; it is the redress the State takes.

Expiation

A justification for punishment described as a form of group vengeance.

Protection

A justification for punishment viewing imprisonment as social defense; it emerged after the establishment of the prison system.

Reformation

The modern justification of punishment that attempts to reform and rehabilitate law violators.