Y9 History - WW1

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Alliance

An agreement between countries to support one another, particularly during war.

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Triple Entente

Britain, France, Russia

Empire

A large political unit or group of states and territories ruled by a single supreme authority

5 main Empires in Europe

Germany, France, Britain, Russia, Austria-Hungary

Franco-Prussian War

Short war between France and Germany, fought between 1870, caused a lasting rivalry

Powder Keg of Europe

The Balkans

Russo-Japanese War

Short war between Russia and Japan, fought between 1904 to 1905, surprising win from Japan

Benefits of Alliances

Countries could rely on military support from allies, alliances created security and confidence, potential enemies were less likely to attack

Problems created by alliances

Rival alliance groups across Europe, countries became suspicious of one other’s intentions, military planning became more aggressive, conflict involving one nation could quickly involve several others

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian empire

Where was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated?

Sarajevo, Belgium

Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by?

Gavrilo Princip

When was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated?

June 28, 1914

When was Bosnia annexed by Austria-Hungary?

1908

What did Austria-Hungary send Serbia after Franz Ferdinand’s assassination?

A ultimatum with a list of demands

When was the declaration of war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia?

July 28, 1914

Who did Germany declare war on?

Russia and France

Who did Germany invade?

Belgium

Reasons why WW1 was caused

Alliance tensions, nationalism, militarism, imperial rivalries

Where was the Western Front?

France and Belgium

Where is Gallipoli?

Turkey

Where was the Eastern Front?

Eastern Europe and Russia

When was the Battle of Somme?

1916

How many casualties did the Battle of Somme have?

Over 1 million

What was the longest battle of WW1?

The Battle of Verdun

What did the Gallipoli campaign aim to do?

Open the Dardanelles Strait, capture Constantinople, and knock the Ottoman Empire out of the war

Why was the Gallipoli Campaign important to Australia and New Zealand?

It was the first time Australia and New Zealand fought together as ANZAC

What countries did the Eastern Front involve?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Russia

What was the Battle of Tannenberg?

A major victory for Germany over Russia, leading to the collapse of Russian defences

What was the deadliest and most well-known battlefield in WW1?

The Western Front

Was Gallipoli a successful campaign?

No - it failed because of poor Allied planning, underestimation of Ottoman military strength, and dangerous mountainous terrain

What were the main differences between the Western and Eastern Fronts in terms of fighting conditions?

Western Front had more trench warfare, Eastern Front was mainly fought across land

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

A plan by Germany to quickly invade France by invading Belgium

What Battle halted Germany’s attempt to invade France?

The Battle of Marne