Learn: unit 2 EHS tissues | Quizlet

Define gastrulation

Process of cell movement and differentiation that results in the development of primary germ layers

Describe histogenesis

Process of the primary germ layers differentiating into different kinds of tissues

Name and describe 3 embryonic development of tissues and germ layers

1. Endoderm: lung, thyroid, pancreatic. 2. Mesoderm: red blood, tubule of kidney, muscle cells. 3. Ectoderm: skin, pigment, neuron of brain cells

Describe proteoglycans

Mostly carbs attached to a protein backbone

Functions of proteoglycans

Binds tissues together structurally, ECM bind to integrins in plasma of cells. Intercellular junctions hold cells together

Characteristics of proteoglycans

Allows local communication through integrins and has thickness and shock absorption

Describe 4 components of ECM and structural proteins

1. Collagen: strong. 2. Elastin: flexible. 3. Glycoproteins: proteins with few carbs. 4. Fibronectin and laminins connect ECM to cells with integrins in plasma membranes

4 components of ECM

Water, proteins, collagen, elastin

Describe the extracellular matrix

Complex non-living material between cells in a tissue

Name and describe 4 types of tissue

1. Connective: ligaments/tendons, bone, cartilage, blood. 2. Epithelial: skin, lining body inside/out. 3. Muscle: skeletal, heart, smooth. 4. Nervous: brain, spinal cord

Describe tissue and ECM matrix

Tissue: a group of cells that perform a common function. Matrix: non-living intercellular material

Identify the 2 types of epithelial tissue

Membranous (covering/lining) and glandular

Locations of glandular epithelium

Secretory units of endocrine and exocrine glands

Location of membranous epithelium

Lines serous cavities, blood and lymphatic vessels, and respiratory, digestive, genitourinary tracts

5 functions of epithelial tissue

Protection, sensory functions, secretion, absorption, excretion

5 generalizations about epithelial tissue

1. Cells in close proximity held by tight junctions/desmosomes. 2. Limited ECM. 3. Reproduction. 4. Avascular. 5. Attached to basement membrane

Classification of membranous epithelial tissue

Cell shape and number of layers (simple, stratified, pseudostratified)

Epithelial cell shape descriptions

Squamous: flat. Cuboidal: cube. Columnar: narrow

Describe 4 main types of connective tissue

Fibrous, blood, bone, cartilage

Describe 4 fibrous connective tissue types

1. Loose ordinary areolar. 2. Adipose fat. 3. Reticular. 4. Dense irregular/regular

Describe 2 bone connective tissue types

Compact, cancellous

Describe 3 cartilage connective tissue types

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

Describe location and function of irregular dense connective tissue

Location: dermis of skin; outer capsule of kidney and spleen. Function: connection and support

Describe cells and ECM of dense irregular connective tissue

Cells: fibroblasts. ECM: collagen and elastic fibers (intertwine irregularly to form thick mat)

General characteristics of blood location and function

Location: throughout body. Function: transportation (O2, CO2), protection (white blood cells), regulation of temp and pH

Describe adipose connective tissue location and 4 functions

Location: throughout body. Function: protection, insulation, support, food reserve

Describe adipose connective tissue cells and ECM

Cells: adipocytes (fat cells). ECM: a few elastic and collagen fibers

Describe 4 general functions of connective tissue

Connection, support, transportation, protection

Describe composition of whole blood: red blood cells

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen to the body

Describe composition of whole blood: white blood cells

White blood cells (leukocytes), platelets (fragments of thrombocytes)