Interior Design Unit 1

Interior design

The creation of interior environments that support function, aesthetics, and culture while protecting health, safety, and well-being.

Interior design vs. interior decoration

Interior design focuses on space planning, function, human needs, safety, and appearance. Interior decoration focuses more on furnishings, colors, and finishes.

What do interior designers do?

They create spaces that meet the functional, aesthetic, physical, psychological, and social needs of users.

Built environment

Man-made surroundings that provide a setting for human activity.

Territoriality

The need to control a fixed area by laying claim to it.

Privacy

The ability to control access to yourself through distance or isolation.

Kitchen work triangle

A design concept connecting the three main kitchen work centers to make movement more efficient. Sink, fridge, stove. (4ft-12ft)

Three kitchen work triangle stations

Refrigerator, sink, and range or cooktop.

Ideal kitchen work triangle distance

15–22 feet total for the three sides of the triangle.

Who was Elsie de Wolfe?

An early professional interior decorator who helped establish decorating as a recognized profession.

How did Elsie de Wolfe bring professionalism to interior design?

She helped establish interior decorating as a professional career and developed a recognizable design practice.

Hospitality design

The design of spaces where people stay, eat, relax, or receive services, such as hotels, restaurants, and resorts.

Example of hospitality design

Designing the interior of a hotel or restaurant.

Four E's of becoming an interior designer

Education, Experience, Examination, and Continuing Education.

What does CIDQ stand for?

Council for Interior Design Qualification.

What does NCIDQ stand for?

National Council for Interior Design Qualification.

What is the NCIDQ exam?

A professional qualification examination for interior designers.

Three sections of the NCIDQ exam

IDFX, IDPX, and PRAC.

What does the NCIDQ exam focus on?

The health, safety, and welfare of the public.

Why are professional organizations important?

They provide education, networking, professional credibility, and opportunities to advance the profession.

What does IIDA stand for?

International Interior Design Association.

What does ASID stand for?

American Society of Interior Designers.

What is IIDA?

A professional organization that supports interior designers and advances the interior design profession.

What is ASID?

A professional organization that advances interior design and communicates its impact on the human experience.

Which is the largest professional interior design organization?

ASID, according to the previous study notes; verify this detail with your textbook or class notes.

What does CIDA stand for?

Council for Interior Design Accreditation.

What does CIDA do?

It accredits interior design educational programs.

Title act

A law that restricts who may use a professional title, such as registered interior designer.

Practice act

A law that restricts who may legally practice interior design.

Which is more common: title acts or practice acts?

Title acts are more common because they regulate the use of a professional title rather than restricting the practice itself.

Who can be creative?

Everyone can be creative.

Creativity

The ability to develop new or unique ideas and solutions.

Residential design

The design of spaces where people live, such as houses and apartments.

Commercial design

The design of spaces used for business or commercial activities.

Institutional design

The design of spaces serving institutions, such as schools, libraries, and government facilities.

What specialty designs schools?

Institutional design.

Hospitality design specialty

The design of hotels, restaurants, resorts, spas, and similar spaces.

Healthcare design

The design of healthcare spaces, such as hospitals and clinics.

Model of Home

A framework for understanding the categories and factors that make a home meet occupants' needs.

Four categories of the Model of Home

Physical, social, psychological, and cultural; verify the exact wording with your class notes.

Purpose of the factors of home

To help designers understand the different human needs and characteristics that make a home successful for its occupants.

Elements of design

Line, shape, form, space, texture, pattern, color, and light.

Principles of design

Proportion, scale, focal point or emphasis, balance, rhythm, and harmony.

Line

An element of design that creates direction and movement and guides the eye.

Four types of lines

Horizontal, vertical, diagonal, and curved.

Horizontal lines

Lines that can make a space appear wider and communicate calmness.

Vertical lines

Lines that can make a ceiling appear higher and communicate height and strength.

Diagonal lines

Lines that communicate movement, drama, or excitement.

Curved lines

Lines that can create movement, softness, and fluidity.

Which straight-line orientation is formal?

Vertical.

Balance

The distribution of visual weight within a design.

Three types of balance

Symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial.

Symmetrical balance

An arrangement in which both sides of a central point mirror each other.

Asymmetrical balance

Different objects are arranged to create a similar amount of visual weight on each side.

Radial balance

An arrangement in which elements radiate outward from a central point.

What type of balance can make small spaces seem larger?

Asymmetrical balance.

Proportion

The relationship of the parts of an object or space to one another.

Scale

The relationship of an object's size to its surroundings or a reference standard.

Focal point or emphasis

The part of a design that attracts the most attention.

Rhythm

The use of repetition and visual movement to guide the eye through a space.

Harmony

A pleasing sense of unity among the elements of a design.

Unity

The quality of a design in which the elements work together.

Variety

The use of differences to create interest and prevent a design from becoming boring.

Hue

A pure color.

Tint

A hue mixed with white.

Tone

A hue mixed with gray.

Shade

A hue mixed with black.

Analogous color scheme

Colors located next to each other on the color wheel.

Triadic color scheme

Three colors equally spaced around the color wheel.

Complementary color scheme

Two colors located directly opposite each other on the color wheel.

Split-complementary color scheme

One color combined with the two colors next to its complement.

Monochromatic color scheme

Different tints, tones, and shades of one hue.

Achromatic color scheme

A color scheme without hue, typically using black, white, and gray.

How do you neutralize a color?

Add its complementary color.

Complementary colors

Colors located opposite each other on the color wheel.

Complementary color of red

Green.

Complementary color of blue

Orange.

Complementary color of yellow

Violet or purple.

Afterimage

A visual effect in which an image or color remains visible after looking away from it.

Simultaneous contrast

The effect in which a color's appearance changes because of the color next to it.

Advancing colors

Colors that appear to come forward or look closer.

Receding colors

Colors that appear to move away or look farther away.

Warm colors

Colors generally associated with red, orange, and yellow.

Cool colors

Colors generally associated with blue, green, and violet.

Lamp

The light-producing source, such as an LED or incandescent bulb.

Luminaire

The complete lighting fixture, including the housing and components that distribute/control the light.

Lumen

A unit measuring the amount of visible light produced by a source.

Foot-candle

enough light to saturate one-foot square space with one lumen of light. 

Three levels of lighting

Ambient, task, and accent lighting.

Ambient lighting

General lighting that provides overall illumination in a space.

Task lighting

Lighting that provides illumination for a specific activity, such as reading or cooking.

Accent lighting

Lighting used to highlight a particular object, feature, or area.

Sconce

A light fixture mounted on a wall.

Pendant

A light fixture that hangs from the ceiling.

How is light color temperature measured?

In Kelvin (K).

Which is warmer: 2700K or 5000K?

2700K is warmer.

Which is cooler: 3000K or 5000K?

5000K is cooler.

What does CRI stand for?

Color Rendering Index.

What does CRI measure?

How accurately a light source shows the colors of objects compared with a reference light source.

Why is CRI important?

It helps determine whether colors will appear accurate under a light source.