Developmental Stages

1-2 months

At what age do infants discriminate

-pitch

-duration

-place, manner, and voicing of most consonants

-syllables in dysyllabic words

Speech perception

At 4-7 months infants develop…

4 months

Age infants discriminate their own name

6 months

Age infants discriminate words from their own language

7 months

Age infants discriminate familiar words read in a passage

10 months

Age infants discriminate

-own language stress patterns

-own language consonants

-own language sequences of Cs and Vs

-more likely medial C in own language

10-12 months

Age infants have

-decreased ability to discriminate consonants not from own language

-frequency of place of articulation in own language has an impact on rate of decrease

Perceptual constancy

-developed by 5-10 months

-the ability to identify the same sound across different speakers, pitchers and other changing environmental conditions

Phonological planning

Selecting and sequencing the right combination of phonemes for words in keeping with the phonotactic constraints of the language

Motor planning

Creating an articulator-specific (not muscle specific) plan for producing speech

Motor programming

Specified the parameters or scaling variables of muscle movement needed to realize the plan (what muscles you need to move, when, and how)

Motor execution

The physical production of the programmed movements

Stage 1 phonation stage

-birth- 1month

-reflexive crying and vegetative sounds

-quasi resonant nuclei

Stage 2: cooing stage

2-3 months

Produce back vowels and consonants

Stage 3 exploration/expansion stage

4-6 months

Vocal play

Prolonged vowels and consonants

Extreme variation in loudness and pitch

More variation in tongue height

Fully resonant nuclei-full vowels

Stage 4 canonical babbling

7-9 months

Stops; nasals, glides produced first

Stage 5 variegated babbling and jargon

10mo and older

No true words at this stage

Produce jargon

Jargon

Adult-like intonation patterns, rising intonation at the end of the phrase, “sentences without words”

True

Babbling is not random

True or false

Reduplicated babbling

-falls under canonical babbling

-repetitions of same consonant in a syllable

Nonreduplicated babbling

Falls under canonical babbling

Different consonants produced in same syllable

12-18 months

Age first words are produced

Two word stage

Stage from 18-24 months

Can produce 50 words and understand 200

7-9 months

Age children comprehend words

24 months

Toddler understands 200 words

Salience factor

factor defined by the selection of words that are important to child

Avoidance factor

Factor defined by children primarily attempting words that contain sounds within their articulatory abilities