Soilborne dz (second)

What are the 2 ways a soilborne pathogen gets to a person once it’s in the soil?

• It gets into the air and is inhaled.

• It stays in the soil and is touched.

What are the 2 modes of transmission for soilborne diseases? Explain each.

1. Contact: directly touching contaminated soil (ex: walking barefoot).

2. Vehicle: the pathogen in dry soil becomes airborne and is inhaled.

What are the major portals of entry for soilborne pathogens?

• Broken skin.

• Mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

What is the main predisposing factor for soilborne diseases?

Contact with contaminated soil.

What are the best preventive measures for soilborne diseases?

• Don’t touch soil: use footwear and gloves.

• Moisten the soil and use a mask.

What are the best treatments for soilborne diseases?

Antibiotics, antifungals (antimycotics) and antiparasitic drugs.

Which 2 soilborne diseases are bacterial?

• Tetanus
  
  

• Gas Gangrene

Which 2 soilborne diseases are fungal?

• Histoplasmosis
  
  

• Coccidioidomycosis

Which 2 soilborne diseases are parasitic?

• Hookworm Infection
  
  

• Ascariasis

Trace how spores develop recall

Spores enter deep tissue (anaerobic) → germinate → active bacterial cell → produces neurotoxin → targets the CNS

What is Gas Gangrene also called, and what does that name mean?

Clostridial Myonecrosis, meaning “muscle death”

What is ischemia? Is it reversible?

• Blood vessel blockage → loss of blood supply to tissue

• Yes, it’s reversible

• Can lead to necrosis

What is necrosis? Is it reversible?

An irreversible process: the death of tissue

What is gangrene?

• Tissue death due to interrupted blood supply

• A type of necrosis

Name the 3 types of gangrene

Dry, Wet and Gas Gangrene

What are helminths?

Parasitic worms

What are the 2 types of parasitic worms, and which phylum is each in? Give an example of each

• Flat: Phylum Platyhelminthes (tapeworm)
  
  

• Round: Phylum Nematoda (Hookworm and Ascariasis)

Give the domain, kingdom and phylum of hookworms & ascariasis

• Domain: Eukarya

  • Kingdom: Animalia

    • Phylum: Nematoda