Philosophy and history of pre-evolution and evolution

What is teleology?

Philosophical account that believes in final causes in nature

design and purpose eg:evolution is towards a goal

What is intelligent design?

Features of living things are explained by a intelligent cause, not an undirected process like natural selection

What is creationism?

Belief of a supernatural being

What did Aristotle propose?

Proposed that each form of life has its specific place on a ladder of increasing complexity (teleological)

Scale of Nature-species do not evolve and are perfect

What did Carl von Linne “Linnaeus” propose?

Taxonomy, binomial nomenclature

Believed that clustered organisms did not imply evolutionary kinship

What did James Hutton propose?

Explained features of earth through gradualism, this proposed that earth was alive and not static

What did Jean Baptiste Lamarck propose?

Lamarckism-idea that an organism can pass on traits it has gained during its lifetime

Provided mechanism for evolution but governed by teleology

What did Georges Cuvier propose?

Established catastrophism and extinction, fossils were before believed to be of present animals

Opposed evolution

What did Etienne Geoffroy St. Hilaire propose?

Came up with idea of underlying unity of organismal design later known as homology by Richard Owen

What did Charles Lyell propose?

Idea of uniformitarianism same laws of today operated in the past

Idea of Stratigraphy

What did Erasmus Darwin propose?

Wrote Zoonomia and stated that organisms controlled by lust, hunger and security

Who is Robert Grant?

Introduced Darwin to Lamarckism

What led Darwin to write the origin of species?

Studied medicine, moved to Cambridge to study religion by father

Embarked on beagle voyage

Lyell teaches him idea of uniformitarianism

Write transmutation notes where believes species are not fixed but mutable

Takes inspiration from pigeon breeders and book on population economics

Alfred wallace and Darwin present at Royal Society

Publishes origin of species

Who was Thomas Huxley?

Details human-ape connection

Who was Sir Richard Owen?

Came up with term homology

however did not agree with Charles Darwin