major intra and extracellular electrolytes

Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen calcium phosphorus

What are the six elements in the body

Homeostasis

The process by which living organisms maintain and steady internal environment to function properly

Homeostasis

It's a self regulating system that allows organisms to adopt and survive in changing external conditions

Homeostasis

Balance: ph ionic balance osmotic balance

Chloride sodium potassium calcium magnesium phosphorus

What are the six essential electrolyte

Chloride

Maintain normal hydration and osmotic pressure gastric hcl acid and base balance electrolyte balance

Chloride

Hypochloremic alkalosis pernicious vomiting

Hypochloremic alkalosis

Pernicious vomiting

Sodium

Buffer constituent acid base balance water balance co2 transport osmotic pressure cell membrane permeability muscle irritability

Sodium

Dehydration acidosis tissue atrophy

Sodium

Excess leads to edema and hypertension

Potassium

Buffer constituent acid base balancing auto transport neuromuscular irritability

Potassium

Acidosis and renal damage

Calcium

Formation of appetite in bones and teeth blood clotting

Calcium

Rickets poor growth osteoporosis

Magnesium

Cofactor of PO4³‐ transferring enzymes constituent of bones and teeth

Magnesium

Muscular tremor choreiform movement

Phosphorus

Constituent of bones and teeth constituent of buffers atp and nad and fad

Phosphorus

Renal ricketts cardiac arrhythmia osteomalacia

Electrolytes

Used for replacement therapy

Replacement therapy

Electrolyte is used for

Sodium chloride NaCl

Synonyms of this is table salt sea salt asin in filipino

Sodium chloride

Occur and solid rock salts highlight fossil salts and sal gemme or solution state

Sodium chloride

Found forming extensive beds and even an entire mountain

Sodium chloride

Sea lake spring and well

Sea lake spring and well

Where sodium chloride can be harvested

Sodium chloride

Preparation of this is obtained from seawater by concentrating in basin called salt pans

Sodium chloride

Must be purified before using medical purposes

Salt pans

Sodium chloride is obtained from seawater by concentrating and basin called

99.5 %

What is the nlt of NaCl

Sodium chloride

Colorless cubic crystals or as white crystalline powder

Sodium chloride

Freely soluble in water, in glycerin and slightly soluble in alcohol

Sodium chloride isotonic solution

It is used in Wet dressing for irrigating body cavities or tissue

Sodium chloride isotonic solution

Used in Injection for fluid and electrolyte depletion

0.9% w/v

How many isotonic solution needed in sodium chloride

Hypotonic solution

Maintenance therapy when patients are unable to take in fluids for on to 3 days

Sodium chloride hypertonic solution

When there is loss of sodium in anExcess water

Sodium chloride

Uses of this is injection usp and tablet 0.9 % NaCl

Sodium chloride

Fluid and electrolyte replenisher

Sodium chloride

Prevent development of cramps athletes worker

Sodium chloride

Antidote for silver poisoning

Sodium chloride

Condiments

Sodium chloride

Preservative

Sodium chloride

Large amount toxicity

Sodium chloride

Emesis catharsis and diuresis

Potassium chloride

Synonyms of these are kalium chloratum and kali cloridum

Potassium chloride

Carnallite

Carnallite

This is the potassium chloride combination of sodium chloride

Potassium chloride

Colorless elongated prismatic or cubital crystals or as white granular powder

Potassium chloride

Odorless saline taste and stable in air

Potassium chloride

Soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol

Potassium chloride

, this is a drug of choice for oral replacement of

Potassium chloride

S/e irritating to gi track

Potassium chloride

Component of official ringers injection and solution

Injection

Fluid and electrolyte replenisher

Solution

Topical

Potassium chloride

Indicated in treatment of familial periodic paralysis meniere's syndrome and antidote for digitalis intoxication

Potassium chloride

Administered together with drugs that tend to diminish potassium level

Adrenal steroids ACTH or diuretics

Potassium chloride administered together with drugs that tend to diminish potassium level

Calcium chloride

Synonym of these are kularuro de calico ne

muriate of lime Fosporo de homberg

Calcium chloride

White slightly Translucent hard fragments or granules

Calcium chloride

Odorless with sharp bitter saline taste and very deliquescent

Calcium chloride

Insoluble in either chloroform and volatile oil, soluble in water

Calcium chloride

Electrolyte replenisher rangers injection and lactated ringers injection

Calcium chloride

Use internal hemorrhage

Calcium chloride

It is irritating to the veins calcium gluconate usp is considered by many to be the treatment of choice for hypocalcemia because it is non-irritating when given orally and iv

Calcium lactate in Calcium chloride

Another non irritating calcium salt used in oral calcium replacement therapy

Bicarbonate or carbonic acid HCO3- or H2CO3

Found in the plasma and kidneys

Monohydrogen phosphate or dihydrogen phosphate HPO4v2 or Hv2PO4

Found in the cell and kidney

Hemoglobin and proteins

Found in the red blood cells

Metabolic acidosis

Causes of these are bicarbonate deficit

Metabolic acidosis

Causes of this is diabetic acidosis renal failure diarrhea

Metabolic acidosis

Buffer system of this is bicarbonate or carbonic acid

Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory function of this is hyperventilation or increased secretion of Hv2COv3 as COv2

Metabolic acidosis

Renal function of this is Increased acid secretion by primary Na+ - H+ exchange

Metabolic acidosis

Renal function of this is increased NHv3 formation and HCOv3- reabsorption

Metabolic alkalosis

Causes of this is primary bicarbonate excess

Metabolic alkalosis

Causes of this is Administration of excess alkali

Metabolic alkalosis

Causes of this is vomiting

Metabolic alkalosis

Buffer system of this is bicarbonate or carbonic acid 🤣 HCOv3- or Hv2COv3

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory function of this is CO2 retention causing increased Hv2COv3 concentration

Metabolic acidosis

Renal function of this is decreased rate of Na + - H + exchange

Metabolic acidosis

Renal function of this is increased NHv

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Causes of this is H2CO3 excess

Respiratory acidosis

Causes of this is cardiac disease long damage drowning

Respiratory acidosis

Buffer system of this is hemoglobin and protein

Hemoglobin and protein

What is the buffer system of respiratory acidosis

Respiratory acidosis

Renal function of this is same as metabolic acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Causes of this is h2co3 deficit😭

Respiratory alkalosis

Causes of disease fever hysteria anoxia salicylate poisoning

Respiratory alkalosis

Buffer system of this is bicarbonate or carbonic acid again again

2 3 1

Arrange this step by step of acid secretion in the kidneys

1. Sodium bicarbonate returns to the plasma and protons enter the tubular fluids forming acids of the anions of the sodium salts

2. Na salts and organic acids are removed from the plasma by glomerular filtration

3. Sodium - hydrogen exchange

Glomerular filtration

In a salts and organic acids are removed from the plasma by

Sodium bicarbonate

It returns to the plasma and the protons enter the tubular fluids forming acids of the anions of the sodium salts

1. Buffer system 2. Pulmonary excretion of excess CO2 3. Renal excretion of excess acid or base

What are the mechanism of acid base balance in the plasma

Metabolic acidosis treatment

Sodium salts of bicarbonate lactate acetate and citrate

Metabolic alkalosis treatment

Ammonium salts

Sodium acetate

Synonym of this is acetate of soda acetato de sosa

Sodium acetate

Preparation of this is colorless transparent crystals as a white granual crystalline powder or as white as a flake