GEOGRAPHY 2

Time when day and night are approximately equal in length.

Equinox

Day when a hemisphere experiences its longest day and shortest night.

Summer Solstice

Day when a hemisphere experiences its shortest day and longest night.

Winter Solstice

Continuous movement of water through Earth's atmosphere, surface, and underground.

Hydrologic/Hydraulic Cycle

Liquid water → water vapor because of heat.

Evaporation

Plants release water vapor through their leaves.

Transpiration

Water vapor → liquid water.

Condensation

Water falling from atmosphere as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

Precipitation

Winds occurring in tropical regions, generally influenced by global atmospheric circulation.

Tropical winds

Persistent tropical winds blowing generally from east toward west

Trade winds

Winds that change direction according to seasons; monsoons are the major example.

Seasonal winds

Winds blowing across the direction of travel or movement; commonly used in aviation/navigation contexts.

Cross winds

Seasonal wind system that changes direction and often brings wet/dry seasons.

Monsoon

Periodic warming of central/eastern tropical Pacific waters; often causes drier/hotter conditions in the Philippines.

El Niño

Periodic cooling of those Pacific waters; often associated with wetter conditions in the Philippines.

La Niña

Cold ocean current flowing northward along the western coast of South America; also called Humboldt Current.

Peru Current

Seasonal movement/shift of ocean currents associated with monsoon winds

Monsoon drift

A general term for warm ocean currents/streams in tropical regions

Tropical Stream

Large rotating low-pressure weather system.

Cyclone

Tropical cyclone occurring in the Atlantic or eastern/central Pacific

Hurricane

Tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific

Typhoon

General term for a disturbance involving strong winds, rain, thunder, etc.

Storm

Air/winds move toward one another.

Convergence

Air/winds move away from one another.

Divergence

Water vapor present in the atmosphere.

Moisture

Movements/disturbances traveling through water; can also refer to atmospheric/oceanic wave phenomena

Waves

Tropical fruit famous for its strong odor and creamy flesh; strongly associated with Davao

Durian

Sweet tropical fruit; Philippine mango is internationally known

Mango

Small, sweet tropical fruit with translucent segments.

Lanzones

Bell-shaped tropical fruit; also called wax apple.

Macopa

Filipino word for banana

Saging

Philippine citrus fruit, similar to an orange.

Dalandan

Dark purple/black tropical fruit, also called Java plum.

Duhat

Fragrant flower used in perfumes and essential oils.

Ilang-ilang

Fragrant white flower; national flower of the Philippines.

Sampaguita

Fragrant yellow/orange flower used in perfumes and religious/cultural practices.

Tsampaka / Champaca

Famous Philippine orchid, often associated with Mindanao.

Waling-waling

De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, Nicolaus Copernicus's work explaining the heliocentric model.

De Revolutionibus

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; international framework governing maritime zones and ocean rights.

UNCLOS

Political economist who won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for work on how communities manage common-pool Resources

Nobel Prize Laureate Elinor Ostrom