History and Geography of Early and Medieval Japan and the Yuan Dynasty

Comprehensive review flashcards in fill-in-the-blank style covering Japanese physical geography, the Yuan Dynasty, classical eras, feudal governance, Zen Buddhism, the Three Great Unifiers, and the Tokugawa Shogunate.

In Japanese land utilization, forest covers __________ of the total land area.

$$66.2\%$$

The catastrophic earthquake that devastated Tokyo in $1923$ is known as the __________.

Great Kanto Earthquake

Japan's four primary main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and __________.

Shikoku

Under the Yuan Dynasty's four-class system, the second-highest social tier consisting of Central Asian allies was the __________.

Semu

In the administrative structure shown in the diagram, the three government branches directly subordinate to the Emperor were Military Affairs, the Council of State, and the __________.

Censorate

Kublai Khan launched two failed naval invasions against Japan in the years $1274$ and __________.

$$1281$$

The late Yuan peasant uprising led by Zhu Yuanzhang that eventually brought down the Mongol dynasty was the __________.

Hongjinjun rebellion

The prehistoric Japanese culture flourishing around $4000\text{ BCE}$ characterized by cord-marked pottery is known as the __________ culture.

Jomon

In Shinto belief, the most revered solar deity and ancestral sun goddess is __________.

Amaterasu

In $604\text{ CE}$, Prince Shotoku instituted Confucian and Buddhist moral principles into governance by issuing the __________.

17 Article Constitution

Enacted in $645\text{ CE}$, the __________ abolished private ownership of land and strengthened the centralized imperial state.

Taika Reforms

Written during the Heian Period by Lady Murasaki Shikibu, the classical literary masterpiece depicted here is __________.

The Tale of Genji

The founder of the Kamakura Shogunate pictured here, who became Japan's supreme military leader in $1185\text{ CE}$, is __________.

Minamoto Yoritomo

In medieval Japanese feudalism, private tax-exempt agricultural estates distributed among lords and temples were called __________.

Shoen

The samurai code of honor included ritual suicide by belly-slitting, known formally as __________ or colloquially as harakiri.

Seppuku

In Zen Buddhism, the disciplined practice of seated meditation depicted here is known as __________.

Zazen

In Zen Buddhist practice, paradoxical statements or riddles used to provoke enlightenment, such as 'what is the sound of one hand clapping?', are called __________.

Koans

The century of decentralized civil warfare among rival daimyo lasting from $1467$ to $1573\text{ CE}$ is referred to as the __________ period.

Sengoku

During his military campaigns to unify Japan, Oda Nobunaga was famous for deploying protected ranks of gunners armed with __________.

arquebuses

In $1582\text{ CE}$, Oda Nobunaga was assassinated following intense hostilities with rival clans and armed __________.

Buddhist monasteries

To enforce a rigid social division between warriors and commoners, Toyotomi Hideyoshi commanded all peasants to surrender their __________.

weapons

Toyotomi Hideyoshi launched expansive military invasions of Korea and China in $1590$, which were abruptly halted upon his death in __________.

$$1598$$

Tokugawa Ieyasu decisively established his supremacy over all rival daimyo at the Battle of __________ in $1600\text{ CE}$.

Sekigahara

Under the Tokugawa shogunate's system of centralized feudalism, the policy of alternate attendance requiring daimyo to reside periodically in Edo was called __________.

Sankin-kotai

The strict isolationist policy enacted by the Tokugawa Shogunate to close Japan to most foreign contact was known as __________.

Sakoku

During Japan's era of seclusion, the scientific and medical knowledge acquired through trade with Dutch merchants was known as __________.

rangaku

The massive Christian-led peasant revolt that challenged the Tokugawa authorities between $1637$ and $1638$ was the __________.

Shimabara Uprising