Animal Diversity & Evolution Exam 3

What clades are included in superclass Gnathostomata?

Chondrichthyes, Actinopterygii, Sacropterygii

What vertebrates are included in clade Chondrichthyes?

sharks, skates, rays

What are adaptions for predation that Chondrichthyes have?

Powerful jaws, fusiform body, countershading, lateral line

What do Chondrichthyes use for respiration?

Ram ventilation that requires constant motion as water goes through the mouth and out the gills

How do sharks stay buoyant?

They have an oil rich liver and a hydronamic lift that is generated when swimming

What vertebrates are included in clade Osteichthyes?

bony fish broken into two groups - actinopterygii and sarcopterygii

What vertebrates are included in subclass sacripterygii?

lobe-finned fishes such as lungfish, tetrapods, us

What vertebrates are included in subclass actinopterygii?

ray-finned fishes such as perch, trout, tuna, sturgeon

What is the largest class of vertebrates?

actinopterygii

What types of scales do actinpterygii’s have?

cycloid, ctenoid, ganoid

What types of scales do chondrichthytes have?

placoid

What are some examples of fish adaptations?

gills that allow respiration, gill operculum, swim bladder

What becomes the first opening of the blastopore of Deuterstomes?

the anus

What groups are included in clade Echinoderma?

crinoidea, asteroidea, ophiuroidea, echinoidea, holothuroidea

What are common traits of echinoderms?

triploblastic, deuterostomes, coelomates, no cephalization, secondary radial symmetry, no head or brain

What do echinoderms use for locomotion and respiration?

Water vascular system

What is included in the water vascular system?

madreporite, stone canal, ring canal, radial canals, lateral canals, ampullae and tube feet

Clade asteroidea

sea stars

Clade ophiuroidea

brittle stars

Clade echinoidea

sand dollars, sea urchins, sea biscuits

Clade crinoidea

sea lilies, feather stars

Clade holothuroidea

sea cucumbers