KINE 3030 Functional Anatomy Exam II Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental concepts, neuromuscular principles, kinetic chains, muscle actions, and upper extremity anatomy from the KINE 3030 Exam II Study Guide.

Extensibility

A fundamental property of muscle tissue that allows it to stretch or elongate beyond its resting length.

Proprioception

The sensory function by which specialized anatomical structures provide information to the brain regarding body position, motion, and equilibrium.

Afferent nerve pathways

Neural signaling pathways that carry sensory information from peripheral receptors toward the brain.

Efferent nerve pathways

Neural signaling pathways that transmit motor commands from the brain outward to target muscles and tissues.

Type I muscle fibers

Slow-twitch muscle fibers characterized by smaller size, lower force/strength output, slower speed of contraction, and early recruitment as demand transitions from low to high force.

Eccentric contraction

A muscle contraction where the sarcomeres lengthen because external force exceeds internal muscle force, functioning to decelerate or control movement and manage object deformation.

Line of Pull technique

A biomechanical method used to deduce the specific joint movements a muscle will generate based on its anatomical orientation and the side of the joint axis it crosses.

Open kinetic chain movement

A movement pattern where the distal segment of the extremity is free to move in space without being fixed to an unyielding surface.

Closed kinetic chain movement

A movement pattern where the distal end of the extremity is fixed against an immovable boundary or meets significant external resistance.

Active insufficiency

The limitation in muscle tension/force that occurs when a multi-joint muscle is shortened to a point where its sarcomeres can no longer generate maximal active force across all crossed joints simultaneously.

Passive insufficiency

The restriction of joint range of motion that occurs when a full stretch cannot be achieved across all crossed joints because the multi-joint muscle cannot lengthen any further.

Shoulder girdle muscles

The five specific muscles that act on the scapula to perform elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, upward rotation, and downward rotation.

Extrinsic glenohumeral joint muscles

The five superficial muscles crossing the glenohumeral joint that act as prime movers or synergists for primary arm actions such as flexion, abduction, extension, horizontal movements, and rotation.

Intrinsic glenohumeral muscles (Rotator Cuff)

The four deep muscles of the glenohumeral joint whose primary actual role is dynamic joint stabilization and humeral head control, distinct from their traditionally supposed isolated actions.

Eccentric control principle

The anatomical rule stating that an eccentric movement is controlled by the muscle group responsible for creating the opposite concentric action (e.g., eccentric glenohumeral extension is controlled by the glenohumeral flexors).

Radioulnar joint

The forearm articulation responsible for pronation and supination, functioning as the key movement site for producing topspin and backspin in striking and throwing skills.

Radiocarpal joint muscles

Muscles that originate on the anterior or posterior proximal forearm and insert onto the radial or ulnar sides to cross and act exclusively on the wrist joint.

Extrinsic muscles of the digits

Muscles with proximal origins on the anterior or posterior surface of the radius or ulna that cross multiple wrist and hand joints to insert on and move specific digits.

Intrinsic muscles of the digits

Muscles originating and inserting entirely within the hand that attach to the digits to produce fine motor actions, gripping, and specific digit manipulations.