ARHS - Romanesque to Gothic OBJECTS

St. Martin-du-Canigou, French Pyrenees, (1001-11006), 19th cent. restoration

• monastic church on a mountain, has a cloister where manuscripts are produced

• built on two levels, very irregular plan due to landscape

• long tunnel vaults, heavy supports, no clerstory, only small windows with a sturdy arcade. buttresses needed for structural support

• bell tower rings at canonical hours

• basement level is the crypt, monks buried there

• built extremely fortified as it is the foundation, supports floor of the church

• big stones with groin vaults, add decorative pillars fortified by extra stone

INTERIOR:

• barrel vaulted naves and apses

• heavy columns, stubby piers

• 3 semicircular apses

• low vaulting because of not much support

• bulky carved capitals

• processions down the center of the nave,

• not many windows, early romanesque churches had sparse lighting

Santa Maria Ripoll, Early Romanesque, Spain, Catalonian region, 1020-1032

• leading cultural center, close to france, italy, moorish kingdom of cordoba

• is a monastery: notice the cloister

• transept crosses over nave to create a crossing square with a dome on squinches

• sides of nave have clerstory windows, pilaster strips on exterior

• stones are more milled, smoother on the sides

INTERIOR

• stepping in now it feels quite austere, lot of stone, but in its prime, would be whitewashed with paintings and hanging tapestries

• windows are alternated between piers of the arcade instead of arches

• side aisles: alternating support system of piers and columns, aesthetically pleasing

St. Vincente, Cardona Castle, Early Romanesque, Spain, 1029-1040

• massive walls, fortifications, thick walls as defense against enemies

• exterior stone is rough hewn

• crypt with groin vaulting for noble family, clerics and servants

• no transepts or cloister, is not a monastery

• arcades, heavy barrel arch, smooth stone

• piers are carved —> articulated piers

• nave has staircase going upward near the apse with steps, and downward to the crypt to remember past rulers, set a dynastic claim

• in crypt, discovered fresco secco paintings

• transverse arches made of pilaster strips help hold up a barrel vault, show different sections of the church, supports the barrel vault, and compound piers were an important innovation

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