Abdomen-Anterolaterl Abdominal Wall

abdomen

houses and protects GI tract and urogenital organs

superior abdominal bounds

diaphragm and costal arch (inferior thoracic aperature)

inferior abdominal bounds

pelvic inlet and inguinal ligament

posterior abdominal bounds

lumbar vertebrae and lower ribs

anterior and lateral abdominal boundary

abdominal wall

foregut

stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas

midgut

distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, appendix, cecum, ascending colon, 2/3 transverse colon

hindgut

1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

peritoneum

serous membrane surrounding and supporting GI organs and blood supply

parietal peritoneum

lines inner surface of abdominopelvic wall

• somatic innervation → sensitive to pain (localized to wall)

visceral peritoneum

lines the viscera

• autonomic innervation → stimulated by stretch, referred pain

peritoneal cavity

contains serous fluid and separates parietal and visceral peritoneum

mesentary

“double layers” of peritoneum (resulting from invagination of peritoneum)

• contain neurovascular structures and support organs, aid motility

intraperitoneal

gut tube and associated organs encased in peritoneum and surrounded by mesentery during development

secondarily retroperitoneal organs

peritoneal-encased organs that are forced against the posterior wall due to gut tube folding and rotating throughout development

primarily retroperitoneal organs

organs that develop outside of the peritoneum against the posterior abdominal wall

intraperitoneal organs

liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon

secondarily retroperitoneal organs

pancreas, duodenum, ascending and descending colons

primarily retroperitoneal organs

kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, abdominal aorta, IVC

anterolateral abdominal wall

supports, protects, and contains abdominal organs

• aids in respiration; aids in rotation and lateral flexion of trunk

• increases intraabdominal pressure (vomiting, coughing, defectating)

anterolateral abdominal wall LAYERS, superficial → deep

skin → camper’s fascia (fatty) → scorpa’s fascia → external oblique → internal oblique → transversus abdominis → tranversealis fascia → extra peritoneal fascia and fat → parietal peritoneum