HHD UNIT 1 REVISION TERMS

WHO definition of Health and Wellbeing

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Burden of Disease

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Years).

YLD (Years Lost due to Disability)

The number of healthy years lost due to disease, illness or injury.

YLL (Years of Life Lost)

Years of life lost due to premature death. Calculated by subtracting age at death (from disease), from the life expectancy to find the YLL of that individual.

Disability adjusted life year (DALY)

A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.

Life expectancy

An indication of how long a person can expect live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.

Morbidity

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.

Mortality

Deaths in a population. Mortality rates indicate how many deaths occurred in a population in a given period for a specific cause.

Prevalence

The total number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.

Incidence

The number (or rate) of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period.

Self-assessed health status

A measure based on a person's own opinion about how they feel about their health and wellbeing, their state of mind and their life in general. It is commonly sourced from population surveys.

Health Status

An individual's or a population's overall level of health and wellbeing, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.

Core activity limitation

When an individual has difficulty, or requires assistance, with any of the three core activities (self-care, mobility, communication in own language).

Rate of hospitalisation

The rate of hospital separations per 1000 or 100 000 people. Calculated by referring to hospital separations (an episode of hospital care that starts with admission and ends with transfer, discharge or death).

Direct

Refers to financial costs directly related to the illness or condition being treated or managed. (EXAMPLES FOR TOPIC → doctor and counselling support, medication to alleviate smoking and vaping addiction)

Indirect

Refers to expenses that aren’t directly related to the treatment or care of the patient, but occur as a result of the patient’s illness or condition. (EXAMPLES FOR TOPIC → days lost from education; leading to falling behind in schoolwork and missing out on important lessons, and days lost from work; leading to loss of income)

Intangible

Refers to non-monetary impacts of the result of the illness or condition, and are difficult to quantify. (EXAMPLE FOR TOPIC → loss of self-esteem due to inability to go about daily activities, and stress/concern from loved ones regarding smoking and vaping addiction)

Sociocultural Factors

Social and cultural conditions which people are exposed to throughout their lives. These include Family, Education, Peer Group, Income, and Health Literacy. All sociocultural factors have an influence on an individual’s health outcomes.

Equity

Equity is about fairness. It means making sure everyone has access to the resources they need for a good life and good health. It also involves considering disadvantages, so people in unfair situations get extra support to have equal opportunities.

Social Justice

Equal rights for all and fair treatment, regardless of personal traits such as sex, class and income, ethnicity, religion, age or sexual orientation.

Community values and expectations of youth health programs

Effective, Strength-based, Safe, Accessible

Funding

Refers to the financial support provided by the government or other organisations to develop and maintain health services, programs, infrastructure, and research.

Commercial Factors

Refers to conditions, actions and policies of corporate organisations that impact health and wellbeing, either positively or negatively, including packaging and labelling, marketing strategies and the use of media.

Government funded program (SMOKING AND VAPING)

QUIT BUDDY APP → application that helps you quit by providing tips on overcoming craving and tracking systems to display progress. It also increases health literacy by providing facts and evidence of the risk factors of engaging in smoking and vaping.

Non-Government funded program (SMOKING AND VAPING)

OUR FUTURES VAPING → school program that aligns with Health and PE curriculum, aiming to build confidence and health literacy in students, to encourage them to say no to smoking and vaping, to improve their long-term health and wellbeing.

Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (description, strengths and limitations)

A visual food selection guide that shows the recommended types and proportions of foods people should eat every day for good health and wellbeing. Shown as a plate diagram divided into the 5 core food groups.

STRENGTHS → Easy to understand, promotes balance and variety, and useful for education.

LIMITATIONS → May be too general, lacks portion size, Discretionary foods shown but not clearly explained.

Healthy Eating Pyramid (description, strength and limitations)

A simple visual guide to the types and proportion of foods that we should eat everyday for good health, containing the 5 core food groups (fruit and veg, grains, protein, dairy, fats).

STRENGTHS → Promotes plant-based eating, encourages healthy fats, simple visual layout

LIMITATIONS → Assumes food access and affordability, discretionary foods not shown, lacks portion sizes.

R.E.A.L. (ensuring validity of source)

R → Read the URL (if it has .org, .edu, or .gov)

E → Examine the site’s content (if it is NOT promoting/marketing products or sponsors)

A → Ask about the author’s name (if they’re qualified to share knowledge about nutrition)

L → Look at the links (if the information on past articles are valid, reviewed by qualified individual, or website is well-known to be good)