Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid-Base, and Oxygenation Review

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering fluids, IV solution tonicities, the renin-angiotensin system, and oxygenation concepts from the exam review notes.

Hypervolemia

Fluid volume excess, also known as circulatory overload.

Circulatory Overload

An alternate term for hypervolemia (fluid volume excess).

Renin Angiotensin System

A regulatory system activated when the kidneys sense low blood flow or perfusion, ultimately resulting in vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion.

Aldosterone

A hormone secreted during Renin Angiotensin System activation that causes sodium retention.

Sodium Retention (Renin Angiotensin System)

An effect of aldosterone secretion that results in fluid retention and an increase in fluid volume.

Vasoconstriction and Increased Fluid Volume

Outcomes of Renin Angiotensin System activation that cause increased blood pressure, thereby increasing the workload of the heart.

Lactated Ringers

An isotonic intravenous solution.

$0.45\%$ Saline

A hypotonic intravenous solution.

$5\%$ Dextrose in Normal Saline

A hypertonic intravenous solution.

$5\%$ Dextrose in Lactated Ringers

A hypertonic intravenous solution.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

An acute metabolic condition for which a nurse must identify the initial treatment steps and the first intervention to perform.

Short-Peripheral IV Device

An intravenous access catheter that requires mastery of proper insertion and replacement techniques.

Non-rebreather Mask

An oxygen delivery device evaluated for appropriate clinical usage and oxygen flow rates.

Incentive Spirometer

A respiratory therapy device reviewed for patient education on proper usage and the clinical rationale for why patients use it.

Pack Years

A quantitative measurement calculated to determine a patient's cumulative smoking history.