Demand: what enables or prevents travel?

What are determinants of tourism demand?

Factors influencing someone’s ability and desire to travel.

They can enable travel or constrain travel, and affect different people differently.

Motivation explains why someone wants to travel; determinants also shape whether they can.

How can MONEY both enable and constrain travel?

Enable: higher disposable income makes travel affordable.

Constrain: low income or higher travel prices make trips harder to afford.

Example: Someone wants to visit NZ but cannot afford flights and accommodation.

How can TIME both enable and constrain travel?

Enable: paid leave and discretionary time allow travel.

Constrain: limited leave, work and household responsibilities restrict travel.

Example: Someone can afford a NZ holiday but cannot take enough time off.

How can GOVERNMENT POLICY enable or constrain travel?

Enable: easier entry arrangements make travel more accessible.

Constrain: entry restrictions or difficult visa requirements discourage or prevent travel.

Policies in both origin and destination countries influence tourist flows.

Why must NZ tourism managers understand inbound tourism markets?

Markets differ in motivations, spending, length of stay, seasonality, preferences and booking behaviour.

Understanding these differences helps managers plan products, marketing, staffing, capacity and distribution.

Example: Knowing when visitors arrive helps a hotel plan staffing; knowing their preferences helps it offer suitable services.