OT 200 Chapter 7

bronch/o, bronchi/o

bronchial tube, bronchus

laryng/o

larynx, throat

nas/o

nose

oxi/i, ox/o, ox/y

oxygen

pharyng/o

throat, pharynx

phon/o

sound, voice

pleur/o

pleura, side of body

-pnea

breathing

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu-

lung, air

pulm/o, pulmon/o

lung

sinus/o

sinus

somn/o

sleep

spir/o

to breathe

thrac/o, -thorax

chest, pleural cavity

trache/o, trachea

windpipe

alveoli

thin-walled microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

anoxia

deprivation of oxygen

antitussive

any medicine used to suppress or relieve coughing

aphonia

loss of voice

asbestosis

lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles

asphyxia

Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen

asthma

chronic respiratory disease in which the air passageways become narrower than normal

atelectasis

collapse of lung tissue

bradypnea

abnormally slow breathing

bronchodialator

reduces swelling within the passages of the lungs

bronchorrhea

an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi

broncoscopy

visual examination of the bronchi

bronchospasm

a spasm of the bronchi that makes exhalation difficult and noisy

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea

croup

an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough

cyanosis

bluish color of the skin, nail beds, and/or lips due to an insufficient amount of oxygen in the blood

cystic fibrosis

a genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

diphtheria

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

dysphonia

difficulty producing speech sounds, usually due to hoarseness

dyspnea

difficult or labored respiration

emphysema

disease in which the tissues of the lungs lose elasticity, making breathing very difficult

empyema

accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

endotracheal intubation

tube is placed through the mouth to the trachea to establish an airway

epistaxis

bleeding from the nose

hemoptysis

coughing up blood

hemothorax

accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity (the space between the lungs and the walls of the chest)

hypercapnia

the presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood

hyperpnea

energetic (deep and rapid) respiration that occurs normally after exercise or abnormally with fever or various disorders, increased breathing

hypoxemia

deficient amount of oxygen in the blood

hypopnea

slow or shallow breathing

hypoxia

deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells

laryngectomy

surgical removal of the larynx

laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx

laryngoscopy

visual examination of the larynx

laryngospasm

spasmodic contraction of the larynx

mediastinum

the part of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that contains the heart and aorta and esophagus and trachea and thymus

nebulizer

device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment

otolaryngologist

a specialist in the disorders of the ear or nose or throat

pertussis

a disease of the respiratory mucous membrane, whooping cough

pharyngitis

inflammation of the pharynx

phlegm

thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages

pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura

pleurodynia

pain in the pleura that occurs in relation to breathing movements

pneumoconiosis

chronic respiratory disease caused by inhaling metallic or mineral particles

pneumonectomy

surgical removal of a lung (usually to treat lung cancer)

pneumonia

inflammation in the lung caused by infection from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, or resulting from aspiration of chemicals

pneumothorax

air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall

polysomnography

the diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep; also known as a sleep apnea study

pulmonologist

A physician who specializes in the diseases and disorders of the lungs and respiratory system

pulse oximeter

an external monitor placed on the patient's finger or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood

pyothorax

pus in the chest cavity

sinusitis

inflammation of the sinuses

sleep apnea

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

spirometer

a measuring instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs

tachypnea

rapid breathing

thoracentesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

thoracotomy

incision into the chest

tracheostomy

creation of an opening in the trachea, most often to insert a tube

tracheotomy

incision into the trachea

tuberculosis

An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of the body, especially the lungs, infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli and manifested in fever and small lesions (usually in the lungs but in various other parts of the body in acute stages)