Medterm Chapter 11 Digestive System

Gastroenterology

Specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of lower GI diseases and condition

Gastroenterologists

Treat bleeding, cancer, and infections of the GI tract. •They also handle nutritional and inflammatory disorders, diverticulosis, GERD, and ulcers. Gallbladder and liver diseases fall under the care of the gastroenterologist as well.

What does the digestive system do?

The digestive system is responsible for digesting food and absorbing the nutrient molecules

What is the order of the digestive process?

–Mouth

–Pharynx

–Esophagus

–Stomach

–Small intestine

–Large intestine

What are accessory organs that assist the GI organs?

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

an/o

anus

append/o

appendix

appendic/o

appendix

chol/e

bile

cholangi/o

bile duct

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

choldedoch/o

common bile duct

col/o

colon

colon/o

colon

diverticul/o

diverticulum

duoden/o

duodenum

enter/o

intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

gastr/o

stomach

hepat/o

liver

ile/o

ileum

jejun/o

jejunum

lapar/o

abdomen

pancreat/o

pancreas

polyp/o

polyp

proct/o

rectum and anus

rect/o

rectum

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

bar/o

weight

hemat/o

blood

inguin/o

groin

lith/o

stone

nas/o

nose

-al

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-cele

protrusion

-dynia

pain

-eal

pertaining to

-ectomy

surgical removal

-emesis

vomiting

-emetic

pertaining to vomiting

-gram

a record

-graphy

process of recording

-iasis

abnormal condition

-iatric

medical specialty

-ic

pertaining to

-itis

inflammation

-logist

one who studies

-logy

study of

-oma

tumor, mass

-osis

abnormal condition

-ostomy

surgically creating an opening

-otomy

cutting into

-pepsia

digestion

-phagia

eating, swallowing

-plasty

surgical repair

-ptosis

drooping

-scope

instrument for viewing

-scopy

process of visually examining

-tripsy

surgical crushing

a-

without

anti-

against

brady-

slow

dys-

painful, difficult, abnormal

hyper-

excessive

poly-

many

esophagus

muscular tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach

stomach

muscular sac that produces hydrochloric acid and enzymes that chemically break down food

What does the stomach produce?

Food in the stomach mixes with acid and enzymes to produce chyme, chyme leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine

Small intestine

Breaks down food into nutrient molecules which it then absorbs.

Sections of the small intestine and function of each section

•Duodenum - receives chyme, digestive enzymes, and bile and begins final digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.

▪Jejunum continues digestion and absorption.

▪Ileum completes digestion and absorption and passes remaining material to the large intestine

What does the large intestine do?

Reabsorbs fluid and compacts waste into feces

What are the 4 sections in the large intestine?

–The cecum connects the small and large intestines.

–The colon (includes the cecum) reabsorbs water and forms feces.

–The rectum stores feces prior to elimination.

–The anus opens to the outside during elimination.

What does the liver do?

produces bile that helps digest fat

What does the gallbladder do?

Stores bile and releases it into the duodenum via the common bile duct

What does the pancreas do?

produces enzymes and buffers and releases them into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct

anal

pertaining to the anus

appendectomy

surgical removal of the appendix

appendicitis

appendix inflammation

cholelithiasis

condition of having bile stones (gallstones)

cholelithotripsy

surgical crushing of bile stones (gallstones)

cholangiography

process of recording bile duct

cholecystitis

gallbladder inflammation

cholecystectomy

surgical removal of the gallbladder

choledocholithiasis

condition of stone in the common bile duct

colostomy

surgically create an opening in the colon

colorectal

pertaining to the colon and rectum

colonoscope

instrument for viewing the colon

diverticulitis

diverticulum inflammation

duodenal

pertaining to the duodenum

duodenostomy

surgically create an opening in the duodenum

hyperemesis

excessive vomiting

enteric

pertaining to the intestine

esophageal

pertaining to the esophagus

esophagoplasty

surgical repair of the esophagus

gastroenteritis

stomach and instestine inflammation

gastrectomy

surgical removal of the stomach

gastrostomy

surgically create an opening in the stomach

hepatoma

liver tumor

ileostomy

surgically create an opening in the ileum