Kisner Imaging Chapter 1

Mdcc radiology : Principles of Exposure and Imaging

Who discovered X rays

Wihelm Conrad Roentgen

What was the first radiograph of?

wife's hand - 15mins

When were X rays discovered

November 8, 1895

When did roentgen receive his first Nobel prize for physics?

1901

What was Roentgen title?

German physicist / mathematician

What is fluorescence

Production of light from interaction of energy on a compound

What is a crooks tube

A low vacuum X - ray tube

What does the X stand for in X-ray

unknown

When did Roentgen die

Feb. 10, 1923

What happened in 1898

Realization of biologic damage

What is energy

the ability to do work

What are photons

A single bundle of energy

X ray as energy does what?

• behave both like waves and like particles

• move in waves that have wavelength and frequency

What is wavelength?

-The distance between two success crests or troughs

• unit of angstroms (A)

What is frequency?

-The number of waves passing a given point per given unit of time

• unit of hertz (Hz)

Wavelength and frequency are ____ related

inversely (as one increases, the other decreases)

What is a photon and quantum

A small, discrete bundle of energy

X rays have like particles and move as ___ or ___

Phontons or quanta

X ray properties

-invisible
-electrically neutral
-have no mass
-travel at speed of light in a vacuum
-cannot be optically focused
-form a polyenergetic or heterogenous beam
-can be produced in a range of energies
-travel in a straight line
-can cause some substances to fluoresce
- can penetrate the human body
-can be absorbed or scattered by tissues in human body
-can produce secondary radiation
- can cause chemical and biologic damage to living tissue

ALARA

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

What type of paper was used?

Barium platinocyanide coated paper

Fundamentals of radiation protect

minimize the radiation does (ALARA)
-limit the amount of time exposed to ionizing radiation
-maintain safe distance from source of ionizing radiation exposure
-maximize the use of shielding from ionizing radiation exposure
-limit the size of the X-ray exposure field to the area of interest
-select a combo of kVp and mAs to produce a diagnostic image while minimizing exposure
-avoid unnecessary duplicate examinations
-screen for pregnancy
-develop a mental checklist of produces and perform consistently