PTCB Master Study Guide Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering the PTCB Master Study Guide, including top medications, drug classes, pharmacy laws, controlled substance schedules, sig codes, medical abbreviations, refill rules, and medication safety guidelines.

Drug Listing Act (1972)

Federal law that requires the National Drug Code (NDC) on medication labels.

Medical Device Amendments (1976)

Federal legislation that regulates medical devices.

Orphan Drug Act (1983)

Federal law that encourages the development of drugs for rare diseases.

Hatch-Waxman Act (1984)

Federal law that speeds up the approval process for generic drugs.

Controlled Substances Act (1970)

Federal statute that regulates the abuse potential of drugs by categorizing them into Schedules I through V.

Schedule I Controlled Substances

Substances with high abuse potential and no accepted medical use (e.g., heroin, LSD).

Schedule II Controlled Substances

Drugs with high abuse potential that may be prescribed, require a written prescription, and cannot be refilled (e.g., morphine, oxycodone).

Schedule III Controlled Substances

Drugs with moderate abuse potential for which refills are allowed (e.g., ketamine, Tylenol w/ codeine).

Schedule IV Controlled Substances

Drugs with lower abuse potential for which refills are allowed (e.g., alprazolam / Xanax).

Schedule V Controlled Substances

Substances with the lowest abuse potential for which refills are allowed (e.g., cough preparations).

Schedule II Emergency Verbal Prescriptions

Emergency oral orders allowed for Schedule II substances that must be followed by a written prescription within 7 days.

The 5 Rights

Medication safety verification steps: 1. Right patient, 2. Right drug, 3. Right dose, 4. Right route, 5. Right time.

LASA

Acronym standing for look-alike/sound-alike medications.

High-Alert Medications

Drugs bearing a heightened risk of causing significant harm if misused (e.g., insulin, heparin, potassium).

Prior Authorization (PA)

An insurance requirement that must be approved before coverage is provided for specific medications.

Refill Too Soon (RTS)

An insurance rejection code received when a prescription refill is submitted earlier than permitted.

Formulary

A list of preferred drugs covered by an insurance plan.

NDC

National Drug Code.

Rx

Prescription.

OTC

Over the counter.

NPO

Nothing by mouth.

DAW

Dispense as written.

STAT

Immediately.

ER / XR / CR / CD

Abbreviations representing extended/controlled release formulations.

q.d. (QD)

Sig code meaning once daily.

b.i.d. (BID)

Sig code meaning twice daily.

t.i.d.

Sig code meaning three times daily.

q.i.d.

Sig code meaning four times daily.

q.h.s.

Sig code meaning every bedtime.

prn (PRN)

Sig code meaning as needed.

ac

Sig code meaning before meals.

pc

Sig code meaning after meals.

s.c.

Administration route abbreviation meaning subcutaneous.

IM

Administration route abbreviation meaning intramuscular.

IV

Administration route abbreviation meaning intravenous.

Lisinopril

An ACE inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure.

Metformin

A diabetes medication whose most common side effect is diarrhea.

Atorvastatin

A statin medication used to treat high cholesterol.

Omeprazole

A proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used to treat acid reflux.

Albuterol

An inhaler medication used to treat asthma.

Levothyroxine

A thyroid medication used to treat hypothyroidism.

Amlodipine

A calcium channel blocker (CCB) used to treat high blood pressure.

Warfarin

An anticoagulant medication used as a blood thinner.

IV Flow Rate Formula

$$\text{mL} \div \text{time (hours)} = \text{mL/hr}$$