language and culture exam slideshow 6

four categories of languages

- indigenous/native american

- colonial

- immigrant

- creoles

Dominant vs. minoritized language varieties

Shaped by historical events

Linguistic diversification

The emergence of new varieties

Sustained contact

Keeps diverse groups of people together due to historical events

When did the Romans conquer the Iberian Peninsula?

Beginning in the third century BCE

What regional languages arose in Spain due to Roman conquest?

Castilian, Catalan, and Galician

How long after the Roman conquest did one of the regional languages become Spanish?

Not for another 1,500 years

What is the significance of the period following the Roman conquest in relation to the Spanish language?

It tells the origin story of what's become a global modern language.

What percentage of Spanish vocabulary comes from Latin?

75%

What language family do the Visigoths belong to?

Germanic

What influence did Arabic have on the Spanish language?

Arabic influence on Spanish

Which language had a significant influence on Spanish alongside indigenous languages from the Americas?

French

Who made Castilian the language of their newly expanded kingdom?

Ferdinand and Isabella

Which literary work's language is more similar to modern Spanish than Shakespeare's English is to modern English?

Don Quixote

colonial languages

languages brought to the region by European colonization

What role do colonial languages play in the national elites across the region today?

Colonial languages remain the primary language of the national elites.

What is happening to language diversity in the region?

There is diversification, with wide varieties in each country.

How are languages and varieties categorized in the region?

Languages and varieties are stratified into dominant and minoritized.

What are some colonial languages that exhibit dialectal variation?

Spanish, English, Portuguese, Dutch, and French.

What are the two types of varieties in colonial languages?

National and regional varieties.

How do dialects in colonial languages compare in terms of mutual intelligibility?

Most are mutually intelligible but also distinctive.

What are some distinguishing features of dialects in colonial languages?

Accent, vocabulary, and grammar.

What is a harmful language ideology regarding mixing languages?

Mixing languages 'ruins' the purity of a language.

What is a negative view of using English words or anglicized pronunciation?

It is seen as a form of phchismos.

What term describes someone who is viewed as a cultural traitor in the context of language use?

Cultural traitor.

How is Chicano Spanish often perceived?

As a poor or deteriorated form of Spanish.

Chicano Spanish - 250 years

Reflects a history spanning 250 years of development in the United States.

Chicano Spanish - Phonological changes

Sound system shifts and phonetic adaptations unique to the variety.

Chicano Spanish - Lexical features

Unique vocabulary characteristics and regional word choices.

Chicano Spanish - Anglicisms

The integration of English words and loan elements into the variety.

Chicano Spanish - Missing features

The absence of certain traditional features or presence of archaisms.