IH GRADE 10

What is population growth?

The increase or decrease in the number of people living in a country over time, influenced by births, deaths, immigration, and emigration.

What factors influence population growth?

Births, deaths, immigration, and emigration.

How does rapid population growth benefit a country?

By creating a larger workforce and increasing economic activity.

What are the consequences of rapid population growth?

Overcrowding, unemployment, pollution, and pressure on public services.

What is the birth rate?

The number of live births per 1,000 people in one year.

What is a Crude Birth Rate (CBR)?

Another term for birth rate, representing the number of live births in a year per 1,000 people.

What characterizes countries with high birth rates?

They are usually developing countries with larger families and limited access to contraception.

How does a high birth rate affect society?

It increases the number of young dependants, leading to a greater demand for schools, healthcare, housing, and jobs.

What is the death rate?

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in one year.

What influences death rates?

Healthcare, nutrition, sanitation, disease, natural disasters, and conflict.

What is natural increase?

The difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate.

When is natural increase positive?

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate.

What happens when a country has a negative natural increase?

It usually experiences an ageing population and labour shortages.

What is a population structure?

The composition of a population based on age and sex.

What does a population pyramid show?

The age and sex structure of a population.

What does a wide base on a population pyramid indicate?

High birth rates and a youthful population.

What are the three groups in age structure?

Young dependants (0-14 years), working-age population (15-64 years), and elderly dependants (65+ years).

What is the dependency ratio?

The number of dependants compared with the working-age population.

What does a high dependency ratio signify?

It indicates that fewer working individuals are supporting a larger dependent population.

What is the sex ratio?

The number of males compared to females in a population.

What does an unbalanced sex ratio lead to?

Social and economic challenges, like marriage partner shortages and labor-market mismatches.

What does the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) explain?

How a country's population changes as it develops economically and socially over five stages.

Stage 1 of the DTM is characterized by what?

High birth and death rates, leading to slow population growth.

What occurs in Stage 2 of the DTM?

Rapid population growth due to falling death rates while birth rates remain high.

What happens in Stage 3 of the DTM?

Declining birth rates as education and employment opportunities improve.

What is characteristic of Stage 4 in the DTM?

Both low birth and death rates result in slow and stable population growth.

In which stage of the DTM do birth rates fall below death rates?

Stage 5, leading to negative natural increase.

What is migration?

The movement of people from one place to another, within a country or across borders.

What is internal migration?

The movement of people within the same country.

What is international migration?

The movement of people from one country to another.

What is the difference between voluntary and forced migration?

Voluntary migration is chosen for improvement, while forced migration is due to necessity, such as war.

What are push factors?

Reasons that compel people to leave their home country, like unemployment and conflict.

What are pull factors?

Attractive elements in a new location, like job opportunities and better living conditions.

What does Lee's Migration Model focus on?

Push factors, pull factors, intervening obstacles, and personal factors influencing migration.

What is a case study example of an ageing population?

England and Wales, facing challenges such as increased demand for healthcare and pensions.

What is the significance of China's negative natural increase?

It's resulting from low birth rates relative to death rates due to policies and changing demographics.

What are antinatalist policies?

Strategies to reduce birth rates, such as China's One-Child Policy.

What are pronatalist policies?

Strategies to encourage higher birth rates, such as financial support and parental leave.

What exemplifies Canada's migration success?

Positive net migration rate due to economic opportunities and high quality of life.

What impact has Syrian emigration had on the country after conflict began?

Reduced workforce and slowed economic development due to loss of working-age adults.

What are the overall impacts of migration?

Migration can benefit destination countries economically but may create challenges in public services.

What are remittances?

Money sent back by migrants to their families, providing essential income for those who remain.