nomenclature of oc

What is IUPAC?

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry — the body that sets systematic naming rules

What is a functional group?

An atom or group that determines chemical properties and class of an organic compound

What is a homologous series?

A series of compounds with the same functional group differing by –CH₂–

What is a principal functional group?

The highest-priority group that becomes the suffix and gets the lowest number.

What is the general formula for an IUPAC name?

What is the Longest Chain Rule?

Choose the longest continuous carbon chain; if tie

choose the one with most substituents

What is the Lowest Number Rule?

Number from the end giving lowest locants to principal group

then multiple bonds

then substituents

What is the Alphabetical Order Rule?

List substituents alphabetically ignoring di-

tri-

sec-

tert-.

What is the Vowel Elision Rule?

Drop the terminal "e" of the primary suffix before a vowel (a

e

i

o

u)

Is "y" a vowel in IUPAC?

No

"y" is a consonant and does not trigger elision

When is "e" kept?

Before consonant-starting suffixes like -nitrile and -thiol.

What is the rule for numbering double and triple bonds?

How are -ene and -yne ordered in the name?

-ene comes before -yne

Where does the position number go?

Immediately before -ene or -yne (e.g.

pent-1-en-4-yne).

What is the 4-step trick for polyfunctional compounds?

Pick the King → Number the Kingdom → Crown the King → Alphabetize the Crowd

What does each step mean?

King = highest priority group; number so King gets lowest locant; King becomes suffix; other groups become prefixes alphabetically

What is the golden rule for acids?

–COOH always wins if present

Which groups are never principal?

Halides

nitro

and ether are always prefixes.

What is the prefix and suffix for carboxylic acid?

prefix carboxy-

suffix -oic acid

What is the prefix and suffix for sulphonic acid?

prefix sulpho-

suffix -sulphonic acid

What is the prefix and suffix for ester?

prefix alkoxycarbonyl-

suffix -oate

What is the prefix and suffix for acid halide?

prefix haloformyl-

suffix -oyl halide

What is the prefix and suffix for amide?

prefix carbamoyl-

suffix -amide

What is the prefix and suffix for nitrile?

prefix cyano-

suffix -nitrile

What is the prefix and suffix for aldehyde?

prefix formyl-/oxo-

suffix -al

What is the prefix and suffix for ketone?

prefix oxo-

suffix -one

What is the prefix and suffix for alcohol?

prefix hydroxy-

suffix -ol

What is the prefix and suffix for thiol?

prefix mercapto-

suffix -thiol

What is the prefix and suffix for amine?

prefix amino-

suffix -amine

What is the suffix for alkene?

-ene

What is the suffix for alkyne?

-yne

What is the prefix for halide?

fluoro-/chloro-/bromo-/iodo- (always prefix)

What is the prefix for nitro?

nitro- (always prefix)

What is the prefix for ether?

alkoxy- (always prefix).

What is the priority order of functional groups?

What is the mnemonic?

"Can Sita Eat All Apples? No! Anil Keeps All Ten Apples At Aunt's House."

What is the general formula for alkane?

What is the general formula for alkene?

CₙH₂ₙ

What is the general formula for alkyne?

CₙH₂ₙ₋₂

What is the general formula for alcohol/ether?

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O

What is the general formula for aldehyde/ketone?

CₙH₂ₙO

What is the general formula for carboxylic acid/ester?

CₙH₂ₙO₂

What is the general formula for amine?

CₙH₂ₙ₊₃N.

What is the common name and formula for methane?

CH₄

What is the common name and formula for ethane?

ethane

C₂H₆

What is the common name and formula for propane?

propane

C₃H₈

What is the common name and formula for butane?

n-butane

C₄H₁₀

What is the common name and formula for isobutane?

2-methylpropane

C₄H₁₀

What is the common name and formula for ethene?

ethylene

C₂H₄

What is the common name and formula for ethyne?

acetylene

C₂H₂

What is the common name and formula for methanol?

wood spirit

CH₃OH

What is the common name and formula for ethanol?

grain alcohol

C₂H₅OH

What is the common name and formula for methanal?

formaldehyde

HCHO

What is the common name and formula for ethanal?

acetaldehyde

CH₃CHO

What is the common name and formula for propanone?

acetone

CH₃COCH₃

What is the common name and formula for methanoic acid?

formic acid

HCOOH

What is the common name and formula for ethanoic acid?

acetic acid

CH₃COOH

What is the common name and formula for methoxymethane?

dimethyl ether

CH₃OCH₃

What is the common name and formula for ethoxyethane?

diethyl ether

C₂H₅OC₂H₅

What is the common name and formula for methyl ethanoate?

methyl acetate

CH₃COOCH₃

What is the common name and formula for methanamine?

methylamine

CH₃NH₂

What is the common name and formula for chloromethane?

methyl chloride

CH₃Cl

What is the common name and formula for bromoethane?

ethyl bromide

C₂H₅Br.

What is nail polish remover chemically?

Acetone-based = propanone (CH₃COCH₃