Triglycerides & saponification) aswell as cleaning aciton of surfactants

Explain using a chemical equation how fatty acids form triglycerides

Triglycerides are formed from the reaction of 3 fatty acids with glycerol

• the fatty acids attached determine the type of fat or oil

Difference between fats and oils

A fat is a triglyceride that is solid at room temperature\

• Butter

A oil is a triglyceride that is a liquid at room temperature

• olive oil,

Compare the structure of soap and detergent moleculse and how they are formed from triglycerides

Soap is the salt formed from the reaction of a natural fat or oil with caustic soda

Detergent is a special form of synthetically prepared salt with a sulfonate group which enhances the compounds properties. they can exist in liquid or power form

Explain using a chemical equation how soaps are formed from triglycerides

Soaps are produced from the reaction of a triglyceride with sodium hydroxide which also forms gycerol as a by product

explain the process for how soaps and detergents remove grease through the production of micelles

• The hydrophobic tails of the soap molecules surround the grease droplets and undergo emulsification (breaking them down into smaller droplets) and are suspended in the water due to micelles

• The hydrophilic heads face outwards, interacting with water molecules making sure the grease doesnt reattach to the surface

This arrangement forms tiny structures called micelles

when you rinse the object the micelles carry away the grease along with themselves

Examine the effects of hard water and pH of effectiveness surfactants

Hard water is water that contains a large concentration calcium or magnsium ions

• has a negative effect on the cleaning action of soaps as they form insouble compounds called soap scum

Soap scum can

• form a sticky layer

• reduce effectiveness of cleaning products

• accumlate in drains and pipes leading to blockages.