hem ch3 rbc metabolism/abnormal/rbc des

RBCs need ATP primarily for:

A. Membrane integrity, deformability, volume, and hemoglobin function

B. DNA replication

C. Cell division

D. Antibody production

A. Membrane integrity, deformability, volume, and hemoglobin function

The pathway that produces about 90% of RBC ATP is:

A. Hexose monophosphate shunt

B. Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway

C. Methemoglobin reductase pathway

D. Krebs cycle

B. Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway

Embden-Meyerhof glycolysis is:

A. Aerobic

B. Anaerobic

C. Dependent on mitochondria

D. Used only by WBCs

B. Anaerobic

According to your notes, glycolysis produces how many ATP from glucose?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 10

B. 2

The hexose monophosphate shunt is also called the:

A. Phosphogluconate pathway

B. Embden pathway

C. Bilirubin pathway

D. Transferrin pathway

A. Phosphogluconate pathway

The hexose monophosphate shunt helps protect the RBC from:

A. Oxidative damage

B. Cholesterol

C. Calcium

D. Oxygen

A. Oxidative damage

G6PD deficiency can result in formation of:

A. Target cells

B. Heinz bodies

C. Spherocytes only

D. Acanthocytes only

B. Heinz bodies

Heinz bodies are made from:

A. Denatured/precipitated globin

B. Cholesterol

C. Calcium

D. Bilirubin

A. Denatured/precipitated globin

The methemoglobin reductase pathway helps maintain iron in the:

A. Fe³⁺ state

B. Fe²⁺ state

C. Fe⁴⁺ state

D. Ca²⁺ state

B. Fe²⁺ state

Carboxyhemoglobin forms when hemoglobin binds:

A. CO₂

B. CO

C. O₂

D. H₂O

B. CO (check with book)

In carboxyhemoglobin, CO replaces:

A. Iron B. Oxygen C. Globin D. Protoporphyrin

B. Oxygen

Carboxyhemoglobin can be treated/reversed with:

A. Oxygen inhalation

B. Cholesterol

C. Iron removal

D. Albumin

A. Oxygen inhalation

Methemoglobin contains:

A. Fe²⁺ B. Fe³⁺ C. Fe⁺ D. No iron

B. Fe³⁺

Methemoglobin results when iron is:

A. Reduced from Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺

B. Oxidized from Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺

C. Removed from heme

D. Changed into calcium

B. Oxidized from Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺

Sulfhemoglobin is associated with:

A. Sulfur incorporation into hemoglobin

B. Excess ATP

C. Increased spectrin

D. Increased oxygen affinity

A. Sulfur incorporation into hemoglobin

Which abnormal hemoglobin change is considered irreversible?

A. Carboxyhemoglobin

B. Methemoglobin

C. Sulfhemoglobin

D. Oxyhemoglobin

C. Sulfhemoglobin

The cells that phagocytize old RBCs are:

A. Macrophages

B. Platelets

C. Neutrophils only

D. Reticulocytes

A. Macrophages

Most old RBCs are removed in the:

A. Kidney B. Spleen C. Lung D. Pancreas

B. spleen

Extravascular hemolysis means RBC destruction occurs:

A. Inside blood vessels

B. Outside blood vessels, mainly by macrophages

C. Inside the lungs

D. Inside the kidney

B. Outside blood vessels, mainly by macrophages

During RBC breakdown, iron is returned to:

A. Transferrin

B. Bilirubin

C. Albumin

D. Spectrin

A. Transferrin

Transferrin carries recycled iron to the:

A. Kidney

B. Bone marrow

C. Intestines

D. Lungs

B. Bone marrow

Globin is broken down into:

A. Fatty acids

B. Amino acids

C. Bilirubin

D. Cholesterol

B. Amino acids

The protoporphyrin portion of heme is eventually converted to:

A. Biliverdin and then bilirubin

B. Ferritin

C. Transferrin

D. ATP

A. Biliverdin and then bilirubin

Bilirubin is transported to the liver by:

A. Spectrin

B. Albumin

C. Ferritin

D. Glycophorin

B. Albumin

The liver conjugates bilirubin and secretes it into:

A. Urine

B. Bile

C. Blood only

D. Bone marrow

B. Bile

In the intestine, bacteria convert bilirubin products into:

A. Urobilinogen/stercobilinogen

B. Hemoglobin

C. Ferritin

D. Spectrin

A. Urobilinogen/stercobilinogen

Intravascular hemolysis means:

A. RBCs are destroyed by macrophages in the spleen

B. RBCs break down inside blood vessels

C. RBCs become target cells

D. RBCs lose cholesterol

B. RBCs break down inside blood vessels

Excessive intravascular hemolysis can cause plasma to become:

A. Clear/white

B. Pink, red, or brown

C. Green

D. Completely black

B. pink, red, or brown

The color change in plasma during excessive intravascular hemolysis is caused by:

A. Released hemoglobin

B. Increased ferritin

C. Increased spectrin

D. Decreased albumin

A. Released hemoglobin