China Essay

Eco Essay

When did China introduce its “Reform and Opening Up” policies?

1978.

When did China join the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

2001.

What share of China’s GDP did SEZs account for by 2007?

Around 22%.

What share of China’s FDI did SEZs attract by 2007?

Around 46%.

What share of China’s exports did SEZs account for by 2007?

Around 60%.

What annual GDP growth did China sustain over several decades?

More than 9% annually.

What was the size of China’s GDP in 2025, according to the essay?

More than RMB 140 trillion, or approximately US$20.2 trillion.

What is China’s global ranking by total nominal GDP?

The world’s second-largest economy.

What was China’s GDP per capita in 1978, according to the essay?

Under A$306. Check the currency and whether the figure is nominal or real before using it.

What was China’s GDP per capita in 2025, according to the essay?

RMB 99,665. Check this figure and its consistency with the essay’s total GDP figure before using it.

How many people did China lift out of poverty?

Nearly 800 million.

How did China’s literacy rate change?

From approximately 78% in the 1990s to over 96% recently.

How did China’s urbanisation rate change?

From less than 20% in 1980 to 67.89% in 2025.

How did China’s Human Development Index (HDI) change?

From 0.499 in 1990 to 0.797 in 2023.

What was China’s approximate life expectancy in the essay?

Approximately 78 years; the essay does not specify a reference year.

What was urban per-capita disposable income in China in 2025?

RMB 56,502.

What was rural per-capita disposable income in China in 2025?

RMB 24,456.

Which years does the essay’s proposed Lorenz curve compare?

1980 and 2014; the essay does not provide numerical Gini coefficients.

When did inequality in China reportedly plateau and slightly decline?

Since the 2010s.

When did China’s working-age population peak, according to the essay?

2014.

How much is China’s working-age population projected to decline by 2035?

Nearly 100 million; the essay does not specify the projection’s starting year.

How large was China’s combined government, corporate and household debt in 2024?

More than 280% of GDP.

What was China’s average annual economic growth between 1980 and 2010?

Nearly 10%.

What recent growth figure does the essay give for China?

5.0% in “2025–26”; verify the period because China’s annual GDP figures normally refer to calendar years.

What does the essay forecast for China’s growth by 2030?

Below 4.5% annually.

How much did total factor productivity contribute to China’s GDP growth in recent years, according to the essay?

Less than 1%; verify whether the source means a percentage contribution or percentage points.

What is China’s global ranking for total carbon emissions?

The world’s largest carbon emitter.

What is China’s target year for peaking carbon emissions?

2030.

What is China’s target year for achieving carbon neutrality?

2060.

Which Five-Year Plan does the essay associate with renewable energy, green technology and carbon trading?

The 15th Five-Year Plan.