Small Animal Anatomy - Pelvis

The tendon of psoas minor attaches to what pelvic structure?

The pubic eminence

The tendon of psoas major attaches to what bony structure?

Lesser trochanter of the femur

What makes up the iliopsoas?

Iliacus and psoas major

Iliopsoas and psoas minor serve what function?

Major flexors of the hip

What two muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

Levator ani, coccygeus, and external anal sphincter

Following the hypogastric nn. back allows you to find what next nerve? What plexus will both of these parts feed into?

Pelvic n. (parasympathetic pairing of the hypogastric nn); pelvic plexus

Between the pubic bone and the bladder is what structure?

The pubovesicle pouch.

Between the bladder and the rectum is what structure?

Rectogenital pouch

On either side of the rectum (dorsal and lateral) are what openings?

Pararectal fossas

The aorta branches into what three arteries after the deep circumflex iliac aa.?

L and R external iliacs, and the aorta continues

After the external iliac aa. (moving caudally), what branches off the aorta?

Internal iliac aa. (R and L)

What is the terminal branch of the aorta?

Median sacral a.

What small artery is given off by the internal iliac aa., and often is not filled with latex/does not remain patent?

The umbilical aa.

What are the terminal branches of the internal iliac aa.?

Internal pudendal and caudal gluteal aa.

What two branches come off the caudal gluteal aa. as you follow them back?

Iliolumbar aa. and cranial gluteal aa.

What artery comes off the internal pudendal aa. in the male and female dog?

Male: Prostatic aa.

Female: Vaginal aa.

What are the branches of the vaginal/prostatic aa.? (Dependent on male/female dog)

Middle rectal (caudally) and the artery of the ductus deferens/uterine artery (cranially, dependent on sex).

What artery branches off the artery of the ductus deferens, coming up on the caudal aspect of the bladder?

The caudal vesical a.

Roughly following the internal pudendal artery at the level of the ischiorectal fossa, you can find what nerve?

Pudendal nerve

The pudendal nerve branches caudally into what nerves?

Perineal nerve and dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris

The internal pudendal artery (in the ischiorectal fossa) gives off what branch alongside the pudendal nerve?

Ventral perineal artery

What artery, branching with the ventral perineal artery from the internal pudendal, heads back cranially and dives into the external anal sphincter?

The caudal rectal artery

What does the internal pudendal artery turn into after the caudal rectal and ventral perineal aa. branch from it?

Artery of the penis/clitoris

The artery of the penis gives off three branches. What are they?

Artery of the bulb of the penis

Deep artery of the penis

Dorsal artery of the penis

What two ligaments come off the bladder?

One median ligament and two lateral ligaments.

Toward the mouth/neck of the bladder are several openings. What are they, and what greater structure do they compose?

The two ureter and single urethra openings combine to create the trigone of the bladder.

What are the different portions of the urethra?

Prostatic, pelvic, and penile (spongy) parts

What is the long, raised ridge along the prostatic urethra?

Urethral crest

The raised area on the urethral crest of the prostate is called what? What is its significance?

The seminal colliculus; on either side of this structure are the openings of the ductus deferens

What muscle covers the urethra and prevents urinary incontinence?

Urethralis muscle

What lies beneath/deep to the external anal sphincter?

The anal sacs/paranal sinuses

Deep to the paranal sinus (anal sacs) are what muscles?

Internal anal sphincters

What is the significant difference between the external and internal anal sphincters?

External is skeletal muscle, while internal is smooth muscle

What are the ridges and depressed areas between the ridges of the anus called?

Anal columns; anal sinuses

What is the sparsely-furred area around the anus called?

Cutaneous zone

Between the mucous membrane and cutaneous zone of the anal canal is what region?

Intermediate zone (anocutaneous line)

What is the white tissue that covers the lateral sides of the penis?

Tunica albuginea

What erectile tissue is inside of the tunica albuginea?

Corpus cavernosum

What muscles are most lateral on the penis, originating from the ischium and covering the corpus cavernosum?

Ischiocavernosus muscles

What is the region of the penis covered by the ischiocavernosus muscles called?

The root of the penis

Where is the body of the penis?

From the ends of the ischiocavernosus muscles to the beginning of where the os penis starts.

What is the erectile tissue that erects from the prepuce called?

Glans penis

What are the two parts of the glans penis?

Bulbus glandis and pars longa glandis

What is the erectile tissue within the bulb of the penis?

Corpus spongiosum

What is the muscle that covers the bulb of the penis?

Bulbospongiosus

What strap-like muscle runs down the ventral side of the penis? What does it do?

Retractor penis m.; retracts penis into the prepuce

What is the external preputial orifice?

The exit site of the penis from the prepuce

What is the space called where the prepuce reflects back on the penis itself?

Fornix

What is the groove in the os penis?

Urethral groove