Animal Behavior Mating Systems 1

Monogamy

1 F and 1 M

Polyandry

1 F and 2 M

Polygyny

2 F and 1 M

Polygynandry

Multiple F and M, with pair bonds

Serial Monogamy

Pairing with one mate for one breeding season

Long term monogamy

pairing with one mate for multiple breeding seasons or life

Promiscuity

Without pair bonds

Cryptic Promiscuity

Extrapair copulations and Socal vs. Genetic monogamy

Extrapair copulations

individuals leave territory during breeding season to mate with individuals they are not pair bonded to

Extrapair Strength Males

increase the number of females fertilized, increase reproductive success

Extrapair Strength Females

increase genetic diversity of offspring, mate with males that have good genes while still having a paternal male providing direct benefits, sperm limitation

Sperm Competition

direct competition between sperm of different males to fertilize female’s eggs when females mate with multiple males (dungflies)

Spermatheca

females store sperm in one or more storage organs, sperms might mix or be stored in separate chambers

Cryptic female choice

ability for females to manipulate paternity by choosing what sperm fertilizes their eggs through: Copulation duration, sperm acceptance, sperm displacement, sperm storage

Avoiding Sperm Competition Males

Mate guarding, mating plug, Anaphrodisiac pheromones (females unattractive), sperm removal

Sexually antagonistic coevolution

traits evolve in an arms race, sexual morphology changes over time to counteract the opposite sexes traits to maximie reproduction success, intersexual selection, bedbugs (stab) and ducks (corkscre