MCB 244 Chapter 7 Bone Tissue Questions

bones, cartilage and ligaments are tissues and organs of the skeletal system

true or false

true

which of the following tissues is not found as part of a long bone?

osseous tissue

nervous tissue

adipose tissue

cartilage

transitional epithelium

transitional epithelium

most blood cells are produced in the red marrow of bones

true

which of the following is not a function of the skeleton?

storage of red blood cells

the _____ is an example of bone as an organ ; _____ bone is an example of bone as a tissue

femur ; spongy

osseous tissue is a _____ tissue

connective

the cortex of the long bone's diaphysis is made of _____

compact bone

the thin layer of slightly denser spongy bone that separates an adults epophysis from the diaphysis is called the ______

epiphesial plate

the center cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ______

marrow cavity

a vertebra is considered a long bone.

true or false

false

the expanded ends of a long bone are called the _____

epiphysis

a long bone is covered externally with a sheath called _____, whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the ______.

periosteum ; endosteum

when _____ become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called _____.

osteoblasts ; osteocytes

osteoid tissue is similar to bone except for a lack of minerals.

true

bone-forming cells are called _____.

osteoblasts

osteogenic cells are bone stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

true or false

false

Which of the following is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?

a. Glycosaminoglycans

b. Collagen

c. Proteoglycans

d. Glycoproteins

e. Hydroxyapatite

hydroxyapatite

the hardness of bone comes from _____, whereas _____ provide (s) some degree of flexibility.

hydroxyapetite and other minerals ; proteins

the plasma membrane of _____ have a ruffled border with many deep infoldings, whereas _____ have long, thin, fingerlike cytoplasmic dendrites.

osteoclasts ; osteocytes

which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?

osteoclasts

spicules and trabeculae are found in _____.

spongy bone

red bone marrow is important in the production of new bone cells

true or false

false

it is common to find _____ in compact bone, but they are not seen in spongy bone

central canals

concentric lamellae within an osteon are connected by lacunae.

true or false

false

the spaces found within the concentric lamellae are called ______, and they contain ____.

lacunae ; osteocytes

The hematopoietic tissue in a bone is otherwise known as myeloid tissue.

true or false

true

red bone marrow does not contain ____.

yellow bone marrow

what would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus (arm bone)?

yellow bone marrow

Intramembranous ossification is common in children, whereas endochondral ossification is typical in young adults.

True or False

fasle

Intramembranous ossification produces the ____

flat bones of the skull

In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is __________, which is replaced by bone.

hyaline cartilage

the _____ is a marginal zone of the epiphyseal plate where, in children and adolescents, bone can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage.

metaphysis

Achondroplastic dwarfism is a hereditary condition, in which the long bones of the limbs fail to elongate normally because of reduced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of cartilage in the __________.

epiphyseal plate

mature bones are remodeled throughout life via a process known as _____.

appositional growth

A radiograph (X-ray) of a child's hand will show epiphyseal lines.

true or false

false

Bones grow in diameter by interstitial growth.

true or false

false

Chondrocytes multiply in the zone of __________ of the metaphysis.

cell proliferation

bone elongation is a result of ____.

cartilage growth

Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of __________.

mechanical stress on bone remodeling

A growing long bone in a child has only two areas of cartilage at the epiphysis. These two areas are the _______.

articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate

which of the following exemplifies a positive feedback process happening in bone mineral deposition?

the first few crystals that attract more calcium and phosphate.

the process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream is known as ___.

resorption

hypercalcemia is rare, but hypocalcemia can result from a wide variety of conditions.

true or false

true

Arteriosclerosis is one example of ectopic ossification, which means __________.

abnormal calcification of a tissue

hypercalcemia causes depression of the nervous system.

true or false

true

phosphate is necessary for all of the following except _____

amino acids

calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except _____

DNA synthesis

hypocalcemia can cause ______.

muscle spasms

which of the following is not a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

lower blood calcium

which of the following does not put woman at risk for hypocalcemia?

removal of the thyroid gland

parathyroid hormone (PTH) binds to receptoes on osteoblasts

true

synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kindeys and liver, _____ promotes bone resorption but is also necessary for bone deposition.

calcitriol

blood deficiency stimulates _____ secretion, which leads to ______.

parathyroid hormone ; increased osteoclast activity

if a thyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of calcitonin, we would expect _____.

an elevated level of osteoblast activity

osteomalacia results in bone brittleness

true or false

fasle

osteoporosis often leads to an exaggerated throacic spinal curvature, which is called hyperkyphosis

true or false

true

a decline in bone density can lead to _____.

osteoporosis

osteoporosis is more common in elderly females because of the lack of _____.

estrogen

the result of blood calcium and phosphate levels being too low for normal deposition is a softness of the bones called _____ in children and _____ in adults.

rickets ; osteomalacia

a fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called a ______.

comminuted

bone protrudes through the skin in a fracture called _____.

open

a break in a bone that is already weakened by some other disease is called a ______ fracture.

pathologic

patches of fibrocartilage formed in the healing of a fracture are called _______, whereas the bony collar formed around the fracture is called _____.

soft callus ; hard callus

which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

hemotoma formation --> soft callus formation --> hard callus formation --> bone remodeling

a soft callus forms during _____.

the healing of a fracture

closed reduction is the surgical realignment of the parts of a broken bone

true or false

false

adding pins and plates to fractire to aid repair is called traction

true or false

false

In appositional bone growth, new bone is deposited around a __________.

blood vessel

appositional bone growth is a process that _____.

forms new bone on the surface of older bone

new bone is depositied by cells known as _____.

osteoblasts

Where would red bone marrow be found in this adult femur?

B

If this were the femur of a ten-year-old child, where would red marrow be found?

B and C

What type of growth occurs at E?

interstitial

Which cell is responsible for bone deposition?

B (osteoblast)

Which cell is responsible for bone resorption?

E (osteoclast)

Which cell is stimulated by the hormones calcitrol and PTH?

E

In which stage of ossification is an epiphyseal plate present?

D

In which stage of ossification does the primary marrow cavity appear?

B

What tissue does stage A primarily consist of?

Hyaline Cartilage

Which hormone(s) is(are) represented by B?

Calcitonin

Hypersecretion of which hormone(s) would result in hypocalcemia?

B

Which hormone(s) is(are) represented by A?

Calcitriol

What tissue is the callus at B largely formed from?

Fibrocartilage

What is the blood clot at A called?

Hematoma