Week 1-4 Quiz

Color key: orange = origin, ivory = insertion, amethyst = action, indigo = innervation.

anterior scalene

external oblique

iliacus

internal oblique

iliocostalis lumborum

Intertransversarii

Ligamentum nuchae OR nuchal ligament

longissimus capitis

longissimus cervicis

Longissimus thoracis

masseter

middle scalene

multifidi

Obliquus capitis inferior

Occipitalis

Frontalis

Obliquus capitis superior

Orbicularis oculi

Orbicularis oris

posterior scalene

psoas major

quadratus lumborum

Rectus capitis posterior major

Rectus capitis posterior minor

Rectus abdominis

rotatores

Sternocleidomastoid

Semispinalis capitis

Serratus posterior inferior

Serratus posterior superior

spinalis cervicis

spinalis thoracis

splenius capitis

Temporalis

Transverse abdominis

Anterior scalene OIAI

Origin: Cervical vertebrae TPs (C3-C6)

Insertion: Rib 1

Action: lateral flexion and flexion of the neck. Elevation of rib 1

Innervation: Spinal (C)

Middle scalene OIAI

Origin: Cervical vertebrae TPs (C2-C7)

Insertion: Rib 1

Action: Lateral flexion of the neck, elevation of Rib 1

Innervation: Spinal

Posterior scalene OIAI

Origin: Cervical vertebrae TP (C4/C5-C7)

Insertion: Rib 2

Action: Lateral flexion of the neck, elevation of Rib 2

Innervation: Spinal

Sternocleidomastoid OIAI

Origin: Sternum, clavicle

Insertion: Temporal (mastoid process)

Action: Flexion of head (BL), lateral flexion, and contralateral rotation

Innervation: Accessory

Diaphragm OIAI

Origin: Ribs 7-12, L1-L3

Insertion: Central tendon

Action: Inhalation

Innervation: Phrenic

Quadratus lumborum OIAI

Origin: Ilium (posterior crest)

Insertion: Rib 12, L1-L4/L5

Action: Lateral flexion and extension of the trunk, elevation of the pelvis while walking

Innervation: Spinal nerves

Iliacus OIAI

Origin: Ilium

Insertion: Femur

Action: Flexion of the thigh at the hip

Innervation: Femoral

Psoas major OIAI

Origin: L1-L5

Insertion: Femur

Action: Flexion of the thigh at the hip and trunk

Innervation: Spinal

Transversus abdominis OIAI

Origin: Ribs (7-12)

Insertion: Linea alba

Action: Compress/support abdominal viscera, exhalation

Innervation: Spinal

Internal oblique OIAI

Origin: Ilium, inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: Linea alba

Action: Flexion, lateral flexion, and same side rotation of trunk

Innervation: spinal

External oblique OIAI

Origin: Ribs 4/5-12

Insertion: Linea alba, inguinal ligament, and ilium

Action: flexion, lateral flexion, and opposite side rotation of the trunk, assists in forcible exhalation

Innervation: Spinal nerves

Rectus abdominis OIAI

Origin: Pubis

Insertion: Sternum and costal cartilages

Action: Flexion, lateral flexion of trunk, assists in forcible exhalation

Innervation: Spinal

Serratus posterior superior OIAI

Origin: C7-T2/3

Insertion: Ribs 2-5

Action: Elevates ribs to assist inhalation

Innervation: spinal nerves

Serratus posterior inferior OIAI

Origin: T11-L2/L3

Insertion: Ribs 9-12

Action: Depresses ribs to assist expiration

Innervation: Spinal nerves

List 5 deep muscle groups in the posterior spine

1. Suboccipital muscles

2. Intertransversarii

3. Transversospinalis

4. Erector spinae

5. Splenius muscles

What is the nuchal ligament’s purpose?

It stabilizes the cervical spine and serves as an attachment site for several superficial muscles

Which muscles run between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae?

Intertransversarii

Intertransversarii OIA

Origin: Transverse process of an inferior vertebra

Insertion: Transverse process of a vertebra immediately superior

Action: Lateral flexion of the spine

What 3 subgroups make up the transversospinalis?

1. Rotatores

2. Multifidi

3. Semispinalis

Which subgroup of muscles crosses 1-2 levels of vertebrae?

Rotatores

Which subgroup of muscles crosses 2-4 levels of vertebrae?

Multifidus

Which subgroup of muscles crosses 5+ levels of vertebrae?

Semispinalis

T/F: The deep muscles (semispinalis and multifidi) are consistently present throughout the vertebral column.

False, they can be inconsistent. Rotatores are often in the spine, semispinalis reside in the head and cervical region, and multifidi are in the lumbar region.

Rotatores OIA

Origin: Transverse process of an inferior vertebra

Insertion: Spinous process, crosses between 1-2 levels of the spine

Action: Contralateral rotation

Multifidi OIA

Origin: Transverse process of an inferior vertebra

Insertion: Spinous process, crosses between 2-4 levels of the spine

Action: Contralateral extension and rotation

What are the three muscles in the semispinalis?

1. Capitis

2. Cervicis

3. Thoracis

Semispinalis capitis OIA

Origin: TP/AP’s of C4-T6

Insertion: Occipital bone

Action: Extension, lateral flexion, and contralateral rotation

What are the 3 subgroups of the erector spinae?

1. Iliocostalis

2. Longissimus

3. Spinalis

(From lateral to medial)

Spinalis Cervicis OIA

Origin: C7-T1 or T2 Spinous processes, lower nuchal ligament

Insertion: C2-C3 or C4 spinous processes

Action: Extension of the region of the spine they cross

Spinalis thoracis OIA

Origin: T11-L2 SPs

Insertion: T4-T8 SPs

Action: Extension of the region of the spine they cross

Longissimus capitis insertion and action

Insertion: Mastoid process

Action: Extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of the head and cervical spine

longissimus cervicis action

Extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of cervical spine

Longissimus thoracis action

Action: Extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of thoracic spine

Iliocostalis cervicis action

Action: Extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of lower cervical spine

Iliocostalis thoracis action

Extension and lateral flexion of upper thoracic spine

Iliocostalis lumborum action

Extension and lateral flexion of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine

What two muscles are present on each side of the spine?

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

T/F: The splenius muscles are part of the erector spinae and transversospinalis groups

False, the splenius muscles are a separate group.

Splenius cervicis action

Extension, Lateral flexion, and rotation of cervical spine

Splenius capitis insertion and action

Insertion: Occipital bone and mastoid process

Action: Extension, Lateral flexion, and rotation of head

A small portion of the __ __ is superficial in the __ __ of the neck

splenius capitis, posterior triangle

List some of the 7 muscles in the head and face

1. Temporalis

2. Masseter

3. Pterygoids

4. Occipitofrontalis

5. Orbicularis Oculi

6. Orbicularis Oris

7. Suboccipitals

Temporalis OIAI

Origin: Temporal bone

Insertion: Mandible (coronoid process and ramus)

Action: Elevation of mandible

Innervation: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

What blood vessel is in the temporalis?

Superficial artery

Masseter OIAI

Origin: Zygomatic and temporal bones (zygomatic arch)

Insertion: Mandible (ramus and angle)

Action: Elevates the mandible

Innervation: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

The ___ gland and duct are superficial to the masseter

Parotid

Pterygoids Insertion and Action

Insertion: Medial pterygoid on the mandible

Action: Movement of the mandible (medial and lateral!)

Occipitalis OIAI

Origin: Occipital bone

Insertion: Galea aponeurotica

Action: Elevates the eyebrows

Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Frontalis OIAI

Insertion: Fascia/skin above the eye and nose

Action: Elevate the eyebrows

Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

What are some differences between the occipitalis and frontalis?

Their origins and insertions are different.

The occipitalis’s origin is the occipital bone, and its insertion is the galea aponeurotica

The frontalis’s origin is the galea aponeurotica, and its insertion is the fascia/skin above the eye

Describe the galea aponeurotica

It’s a broad, flat tendon uniting the muscle fibers of the frontalis and occipitalis.

Orbicularis action and innervation

Action: Closes the eye

Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Orbicularis oris action and innervation

Action: Closes the lips

Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

List the 4 suboccipital muscles

1. Rectus capitis posterior minor

2. Rectus capitis posterior major

3. Obliquus/oblique capitis superior

4. Obliquus/oblique capitis inferior

Rectus capitis posterior minor OIAI

Origin: C1

Insertion: Occipital bone

Action: Extends the head at the atlantooccipital joint

Innervation: Suboccipital nerve

Rectus capitis posterior major OIAI

Origin: C2

Insertion: Occipital bone

Action: Extends the head at the atlantooccipital joint. Also LF and R

Innervation: Suboccipital nerve

Obliquus capitis superior OIAI

Origin: C1

Insertion: Occipital bone

Action: Extends and laterally flexes the head on the atlantooccipital joint

Innervation: Suboccipital nerve

Obliquus capitis inferior OIAI

Origin: C2

Insertion: C1

Action: Rotation to the same side at the atlantoaxial joint

Innervation: Suboccipital

What muscle group contributes to tension headaches?

Suboccipitals

What two muscles are closest to the superficial temporal artery?

Temporalis and masseter

What two muscles are closest to the facial artery?

Orbicularis oculi and oris.

Where is the parotid salivary gland and duct?

Superficial to the posterior portion of the masseter and temporalis insertion

Where is the submandibular gland?

The inner surface of the mandible

Where are the superficial lymph nodes located?

Masseter and temporalis

Anterior scalene OIAI

Origin: Cervical vertebrae TPs (C3-C6)

Insertion: Rib 1

Action: lateral flexion and flexion of the neck. Elevation of rib 1

Innervation: Spinal (C)